books tagged “Social psychology”

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Aldous Huxley's Brave New World
by Aldous Huxley, Aaron Tillman

ISBN 0791070492 (0-7910-7049-2)
Hardcover, Facts on File

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- Aldous Huxley's Brave New World: ISBN 0791070492 (0-7910-7049-2)
  Hardcover, Facts on File
Aldous Huxley's Brave New World
by Harold Bloom

ISBN 0791040844 (0-7910-4084-4)
Softcover, Chelsea House Pub

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- Aldous Huxley's Brave New World: ISBN 0791040844 (0-7910-4084-4)
  Softcover, Chelsea House Pub
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Asylums: Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates
by Erving Goffman

ISBN 0385000162 (0-385-00016-2)
Softcover, Doubleday

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Book summary:
A total institution is defined by Goffman as a place of residence and work where a large number of like-situated, individuals, cut off from the wider society for an appreciable period of time, together lead an enclosed, formally administered round of life. Prisons serve as a clear example, providing we appreciate that what is prison-like about prisons is found in institutions whose members have broken no laws. This volume deals with total institutions in general and, mental hospitals, in particular. The main focus is, on the world of the inmate, not the world of the staff. A chief concern is to develop a sociological version of the structure of the self.

Each of the essays in this book were intended to focus on the same issue--the inmate's situation in an institutional context. Each chapter approaches the central issue from a different vantage point, each introduction drawing upon a different source in sociology and having little direct relation to the other chapters.

This method of presenting material may be irksome, but it allows the reader to pursue the main theme of each paper analytically and comparatively past the point that would be allowable in chapters of an integrated book. If sociological concepts are to be treated with affection, each must be traced back to where it best applies, followed from there wherever it seems to lead, and pressed to disclose the rest of its family.

Erving Goffman was Benjamin Franklin Professor of Anthropology and Sociology at the University of Pennsylvania until his death in 1982. He is recognized as one of the world's foremost social theorists and much of his work still remains in print. Among his classic books are The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life; Interaction Ritual; Stigma; Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity; and Frame Analysis.

William B. Helmreich is a professor of sociology at the CUNY Graduate Center and City College. He has written Against All Odds, The Enduring Community, Saving Children, and The Things They Say Behind Your Back all available from Transaction.
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More editions of Asylums: Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates:
- Asylums: Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates: ISBN 0202309711 (0-202-30971-1)
  Hardcover, Aldine De Gruyter
- Asylums: Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates: ISBN 0385000162 (0-385-00016-2)
  Softcover, Doubleday
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Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking
by Malcolm Gladwell

ISBN 0316010669 (0-316-01066-9)
Softcover, Little Brown & Co

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Book summary:
Blink is about the first two seconds of looking--the decisive glance that knows in an instant. Gladwell, the best-selling author of The Tipping Point, campaigns for snap judgments and mind reading with a gift for translating research into splendid storytelling. Building his case with scenes from a marriage, heart attack triage, speed dating, choking on the golf course, selling cars, and military maneuvers, he persuades readers to think small and focus on the meaning of "thin slices" of behavior. The key is to rely on our "adaptive unconscious"--a 24/7 mental valet--that provides us with instant and sophisticated information to warn of danger, read a stranger, or react to a new idea.
Gladwell includes caveats about leaping to conclusions: marketers can manipulate our first impressions, high arousal moments make us "mind blind," focusing on the wrong cue leaves us vulnerable to "the Warren Harding Effect" (i.e., voting for a handsome but hapless president). In a provocative chapter that exposes the "dark side of blink," he illuminates the failure of rapid cognition in the tragic stakeout and murder of Amadou Diallo in the Bronx. He underlines studies about autism, facial reading and cardio uptick to urge training that enhances high-stakes decision-making. In this brilliant, cage-rattling book, one can only wish for a thicker slice of Gladwell's ideas about what Blink Camp might look like. --Barbara Mackoff [via]
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Brave New World
by Aldous Huxley

ISBN 156000522X (1-56000-522-X)
Hardcover, Transaction Pub Large Print

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Book summary:
"Community, Identity, Stability" is the motto of Aldous Huxley's utopian World State. Here everyone consumes daily grams of soma, to fight depression, babies are born in laboratories, and the most popular form of entertainment is a "Feelie," a movie that stimulates the senses of sight, hearing, and touch. Though there is no violence and everyone is provided for, Bernard Marx feels something is missing and senses his relationship with a young women has the potential to be much more than the confines of their existence allow. Huxley foreshadowed many of the practices and gadgets we take for granted today--let's hope the sterility and absence of individuality he predicted aren't yet to come. [via]
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The Coming of Age in Samoa
by Margaret Mead

ISBN 0688309747 (0-688-30974-7)
Softcover, HarperCollins Publishers

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Book summary:
"Coming of Age in Samoa, " Margaret Mead's psychological study of youth in a primitive society, is today recognized as a scientific classic. However, when first published, as Dr. Mead points out in her preface to this Morrow Quill edition, it was "the first piece of work by a serious professional anthropologist written for the educated layman in which all the paraphernalia of scholarship designed to convince one's professional colleages and confuse the laity was deliberately laid aside." [via]
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Coming of Age in Samoa: A Psychological Study of Primitive Youth for Western Civilisation
by Margaret Mead

ISBN 0688050336 (0-688-05033-6)
Softcover, Perennial

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Book summary:
Rarely do science and literature come together in the same book. When they do -- as in Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species, for example -- they become classics, quoted and studied by scholars and the general public alike.
Margaret Mead accomplished this remarkable feat not once but several times, beginning with Coming of Age in Samoa. It details her historic journey to American Samoa, taken where she was just twenty-three, where she did her first fieldwork. Here, for the first time, she presented to the public the idea that the individual experience of developmental stages could be shaped by cultural demands and expectations. Adolescence, she wrote, might be more or less stormy, and sexual development more or less problematic in different cultures. The "civilized" world, she taught us had much to learn from the "primitive." Now this groundbreaking, beautifully written work as been reissued for the centennial of her birth, featuring introductions by Mary Pipher and by Mead's daughter, Mary Catherine Bateson.
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- Coming of Age in Samoa: A Psychological Study of Primitive Youth for Western Civilization: ISBN 084462571X (0-8446-2571-X)
  Hardcover, Peter Smith Pub Inc
- Coming of Age in Samoa: A Psychological Study of Primitive Youth for Western Civilisation: ISBN 0688050336 (0-688-05033-6)
  Softcover, Perennial
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Comments on the Society of the Spectacle
by Guy Debord

ISBN 1859841694 (1-85984-169-4)
Softcover, W W Norton & Co Inc

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Book summary:
"Their general headquarters is secret but I think that it is somewhere in London. They are not students, but are what is known as situationists; they travel everywhere and exploit the discontents of students."News of the World.
First published in 1967, Guy Debord's stinging revolutionary critique of contemporary society, The Society of the Spectacle, has since acquired a cult status. Credited by many as being the inspiration for the ideas generated by the events of May 1968 in France, Debord's pitiless attack on commodity fetishism and its incrustation in the practices of everyday life continues to btirn brightly in today's age of satellite television and the soundbite In Comments on the Society of the Spectacle published twenty years later, Debord returned to the themes of his previous analysis and demonstrated how they were all the more relevant in a period when the 'integrated spectacle' was dominant. Resolutely refusing to be reconciled to the system, Debord trenchantly slices through the doxa and mystification offered tip by journalists and pundits to show how aspects of reality as diverse as terrorism and the environment, the Mafia and the media, were caught in the logic of the spectacular society. Pointing the finger clearly at those who benefit from the logic of domination, Debord's Comments convey the revolutionary impulse at the heart of situationism. [via]
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The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind/Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds
by Charles MacKay

ISBN 0934380236 (0-934380-23-6)
Softcover, Traders Pr

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Book summary:
There are two classic texts that deal with crowd psychology and the irrational behavior that characterizes large groups of people acting en masse. They are The Crowd, and Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness Crowds. Both books provide lucid and witty insights into the madness of crowd psychology, such as the tulipmania in Holland, when the price of tulip bulbs was up to astronomical heights. Both of these books are combined into a single volume for the price of one! [via]
More editions of The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind/Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds:
- The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind/Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds: ISBN 0934380236 (0-934380-23-6)
  Softcover, Traders Pr
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Emergence: The Connected Lives of Ants, Brains, Cities, and Software
by Steven Johnson

ISBN 0684868768 (0-684-86876-8)
Softcover, Scribner

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Book summary:
An individual ant, like an individual neuron, is just about as dumb as can be. Connect enough of them together properly, though, and you get spontaneous intelligence. Web pundit Steven Johnson explains what we know about this phenomenon with a rare lucidity in Emergence: The Connected Lives of Ants, Brains, Cities, and Software. Starting with the weird behavior of the semi-colonial organisms we call slime molds, Johnson details the development of increasingly complex and familiar behavior among simple components: cells, insects, and software developers all find their place in greater schemes.

Most game players, alas, live on something close to day-trader time, at least when they're in the middle of a game--thinking more about their next move than their next meal, and usually blissfully oblivious to the ten- or twenty-year trajectory of software development. No one wants to play with a toy that's going to be fun after a few decades of tinkering--the toys have to be engaging now, or kids will find other toys.
Johnson has a knack for explaining complicated and counterintuitive ideas cleverly without stealing the scene. Though we're far from fully understanding how complex behavior manifests from simple units and rules, our awareness that such emergence is possible is guiding research across disciplines. Readers unfamiliar with the sciences of complexity will find Emergence an excellent starting point, while those who were chaotic before it was cool will appreciate its updates and wider scope. --Rob Lightner [via]
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- Emergence: The Connected Lives of Ants, Brains, Cities, and Software: ISBN 0684868768 (0-684-86876-8)
  Softcover, Scribner
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Eros and Civilization
by Herbert Marcuse

ISBN 0807015555 (0-8070-1555-5)
Softcover, Beacon Pr

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Book summary:
"A philosophical critique of psychoanalysis that takes psychoanalysis seriously but not as unchallengeable dogma. . . . The most significant general treatment of psychoanalytic theory since Freud himself ceased publication."Clyde Kluckhohn, The New York Times [via]
More editions of Eros and Civilization:
- Eros and Civilization: ISBN 0807015555 (0-8070-1555-5)
  Softcover, Beacon Pr
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Extraordinary Popular Delusions
by Charles MacKay

ISBN 0486432238 (0-486-43223-8)
Softcover, Dover Pubns

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Book summary:
Classic survey of crowd psychology takes an illuminating, entertaining look at three historic swindles: "The Mississippi Scheme," "The South-Sea Bubble," and "Tulipomania." Fired by greed and fed by naïveté, these stratagems gone awry offer essential reading for investors as well as students of history, psychology, and human nature.
[via]
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- Extraordinary Popular Delusions: ISBN 0486432238 (0-486-43223-8)
  Softcover, Dover Pubns
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Extraordinary Popular Delusions & the Madness of Crowds
by Charles Mackay

ISBN 1573928917 (1-57392-891-7)
Softcover, Prometheus Books, Publishers

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Book summary:
Why do otherwise intelligent individuals form seething masses of idiocy when they engage in collective action? Why do financially sensible people jump lemming-like into hare-brained speculative frenzies--only to jump broker-like out of windows when their fantasies dissolve? We may think that the Great Crash of 1929, junk bonds of the '80s, and over-valued high-tech stocks of the '90s are peculiarly 20th century aberrations, but Mackay's classic--first published in 1841--shows that the madness and confusion of crowds knows no limits, and has no temporal bounds. These are extraordinarily illuminating,and, unfortunately, entertaining tales of chicanery, greed and naivete. Essential reading for any student of human nature or the transmission of ideas.

In fact, cases such as Tulipomania in 1624--when Tulip bulbs traded at a higher price than gold--suggest the existence of what I would dub "Mackay's Law of Mass Action:" when it comes to the effect of social behavior on the intelligence of individuals, 1+1 is often less than 2, and sometimes considerably less than 0. [via]
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Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds: And Confusion De Confusiones
by Charles MacKay, Marketplace Books

ISBN 0471133094 (0-471-13309-4)
Hardcover, John Wiley & Sons Inc

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Book summary:
Why do otherwise intelligent individuals form seething masses of idiocy when they engage in collective action? Why do financially sensible people jump lemming-like into harebrained speculative frenzies -- only to jump broker-like out of windows when their fantasies dissolve? We may think that the Great Crash of 1929, junk bonds of the '80s, and overvalued high-tech stocks of the '90s are peculiarly 20th century aberrations, but the excerpts of these two classics--first published in 1841 and 1688, respectively--show that the madness and confusion of crowds knows no limits, and has no temporal bounds. These are extraordinarily illuminating and, unfortunately, entertaining tales of chicanery, greed, and naivete. Essential reading for any student of human nature or the transmission of ideas.
In fact, cases such as Tulipomania in 1624--when tulip bulbs traded at a higher price than gold--suggest the existence of what I would dub "Mackay's Law of Mass Action": when it comes to the effect of social behavior on the intelligence of individuals, 1+1 is often considerably less than 1, and sometimes less than 0. [via]
More editions of Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds: And Confusion De Confusiones:
- Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds: And Confusion De Confusiones: ISBN 0471133094 (0-471-13309-4)
  Hardcover, John Wiley & Sons Inc
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Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds and Confusion De Confusiones: Tulipamania, the South Sea Bubble, and the Madness of Crowds
by Charles MacKay, Marketplace Books

ISBN 0471133124 (0-471-13312-4)
Softcover, John Wiley & Sons Inc

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Book summary:
Why do otherwise intelligent individuals form seething masses of idiocy when they engage in collective action? Why do financially sensible people jump lemming-like into harebrained speculative frenzies -- only to jump broker-like out of windows when their fantasies dissolve? We may think that the Great Crash of 1929, junk bonds of the '80s, and overvalued high-tech stocks of the '90s are peculiarly 20th century aberrations, but the excerpts of these two classics--first published in 1841 and 1688, respectively--show that the madness and confusion of crowds knows no limits, and has no temporal bounds. These are extraordinarily illuminating and, unfortunately, entertaining tales of chicanery, greed, and naivete. Essential reading for any student of human nature or the transmission of ideas.
In fact, cases such as Tulipomania in 1624--when tulip bulbs traded at a higher price than gold--suggest the existence of what I would dub "Mackay's Law of Mass Action": when it comes to the effect of social behavior on the intelligence of individuals, 1+1 is often considerably less than 1, and sometimes less than 0. [via]
More editions of Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds and Confusion De Confusiones: Tulipamania, the South Sea Bubble, and the Madness of Crowds:
- Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds and Confusion De Confusiones: Tulipamania, the South Sea Bubble, and the Madness of Crowds: ISBN 0471133124 (0-471-13312-4)
  Softcover, John Wiley & Sons Inc
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The Geography of Thought
by Richard E. Nisbett

ISBN 0743216466 (0-7432-1646-6)
Hardcover, Simon & Schuster

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Book summary:
Everyone knows that while different cultures may think about the world differently, they use the same equipment for doing their thinking. Everyone knows that whatever the skin color, nationality, or religion, every human being uses the same tools for perception, for memory, and for reasoning. Everyone knows that a logically true statement is true in English, German, or Hindi. Everyone knows that when a Chinese and an American look at the same painting, they see the same painting.
But what if everyone is wrong?
When psychologist Richard E. Nisbett showed an animated underwater scene to his American students, they zeroed in on a big fish swimming among smaller fish. Japanese subjects, on the other hand, made observations about the background environment -- and the different "seeings" are a clue to profound underlying cognitive differences between Westerners and East Asians. For, as Professor Nisbett shows in The Geography of Thought, people actually think about -- and even see -- the world differently because of differing ecologies, social structures, philosophies, and educational systems that date back to ancient Greece and China and that have survived into the modern world. As a result, East Asian thought is "holistic" -- drawn to the perceptual field as a whole and to relations among objects and events within that field. By comparison to Western modes of reasoning, East Asian thought relies far less on categories or on formal logic; it is fundamentally dialectic, seeking a "middle way" between opposing thoughts. By contrast, Westerners focus on salient objects or people, use attributes to assign them to catergories, and apply rules of formal logic to understand their behavior.
The Geography of Thought documents Professor Nisbett's groundbreaking international research in cultural psychology, a series of comparative studies both persuasive in their rigor and startling in their conclusions, addressing questions such as:
" Why did the ancient Chinese excel at algebra and arithmetic, but not geometry, the brilliant achievement of such Greeks as Euclid?
" Why do East Asians find it so difficult to disentangle an object from its surroundings?
" Why do Western infants learn nouns more rapidly than verbs, when it is the other way around in East Asia?
" What are the implications of these cognitive differences for the future of international politics? Do they support a Fukuyamaesque "end of history" scenario or a Huntingtonian "clash of civilizations"?
From feng shui to metaphysics, from comparative linguistics to economic history, a gulf separates the children of Aristotle from the descendants of Confucius. At a moment in history when the need for cross-cultural understanding and collaboration have never been more important, The Geography of Thought offers both a map to that gulf and a blueprint for a bridge that might be able to span it. [via]
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- The Geography of Thought: ISBN 0743216466 (0-7432-1646-6)
  Hardcover, Simon & Schuster
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The Geography of Thought: How Asians and Westerners Think Differently...and Why
by Richard E. Nisbett

ISBN 0743255356 (0-7432-5535-6)
Softcover, Free Pr

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Book summary:
Eminent psychologist Richard Nisbett boldly takes on the presumptions of evolutionary psychology in a provocative, powerfully engaging exploration of the divergent ways Eastern and Western societies see and understand the world.

When Richard Nisbett showed an animated underwater scene to his American students, they zeroed in on a big fish swimming among smaller fish. Japanese subjects, on the other hand, made observations about the background environment. These different seeings are a clue to profound underlying cognitive differences between Westerners and East Asians. For, as Nisbett demonstrates in The Geography of Thought, people think about and see the world differently because of differing ecologies, social structures, philosophies, and educational systems that date back to ancient Greece and China and that have survived into the modern world. [via]
More editions of The Geography of Thought: How Asians and Westerners Think Differently...and Why:
- The Geography of Thought: How Asians and Westerners Think Differently...and Why: ISBN 0743255356 (0-7432-5535-6)
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Group Processes
by Michael A. Hogg, Scott Tindale, Dominic Abrams, Bill Altermatt, Linda Argote

ISBN 1405106530 (1-4051-0653-0)
Softcover, Blackwell Publishing Limited

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Book summary:
This handbook provides an authoritative, up-to-date overview of the social psychology of group processes. The topics covered include group decisions, juries, group remembering, roles, status, leadership, social identity and group membership, socialization, group performance, negotiation and bargaining, emotion and mood, computer-mediated communication, organizations and mental health.
- Provides an authoritative, up-to-date overview of the social psychology of group processes.
- Written by leading researchers from around the world to provide a classic and current overview of research as well as providing a description of future trends within the area.
- Includes coverage of group decisions, juries, group remembering, roles, status, leadership, social identity and group membership, socialization, group performance, negotiation and bargaining, emotion and mood, computer-mediated communication, organizations and mental health.
- Essential reading for any serious scholar of group behavior.
- Now available in full text online via xreferplus, the award-winning reference library on the web from xrefer. For more information, visit www.xreferplus.com
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More editions of Group Processes:
- Group Processes: ISBN 1405106530 (1-4051-0653-0)
  Softcover, Blackwell Publishing Limited
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Influence
by Robert B. Cialdini

ISBN 006124189X (0-06-124189-X)
Softcover, Collins

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Book summary:
Influence: Science and Practice is an examination of the psychology of compliance (i.e. uncovering which factors cause a person to say "yes" to another's request) and is written in a narrative style combined with scholarly research. Cialdini combines evidence from experimental work with the techniques and strategies he gathered while working as a salesperson, fundraiser, advertiser, and other positions, inside organizations that commonly use compliance tactics to get us to say "yes." Widely used in graduate and undergraduate psychology and management classes, as well as sold to people operating successfully in the business world, the eagerly awaited revision of Influence reminds the reader of the power of persuasion. Cialdini organizes compliance techniques into six categories based on psychological principles that direct human behavior: reciprocation, consistency, social proof, liking, authority, and scarcity. New Reader's Reports are included in the Fourth Edition and illustrate how readers have used one of the principles or have had a principle of influence used on them. [via]
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Life Against Death: The Psychoanalytical Meaning of History
by Norman Oliver Brown

ISBN 0819561444 (0-8195-6144-4)
Softcover, Wesleyan Univ Pr

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Book summary:
A shocking and extreme interpretation of the father of psychoanalysis. [via]
More editions of Life Against Death: The Psychoanalytical Meaning of History:
- Life Against Death: The Psychoanalytical Meaning of History: ISBN 0819551481 (0-8195-5148-1)
  Hardcover, Wesleyan University Press
- Life Against Death: The Psychoanalytical Meaning of History: ISBN 0819561444 (0-8195-6144-4)
  Softcover, Wesleyan Univ Pr
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Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds: The Essential Library
by Charles MacKay

ISBN 0738843091 (0-7388-4309-1)
Softcover, Xlibris Corp

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Book summary:
If you've ever wondered where popular catch phrases and slang comes from or why men's beards go in and out of fashion, then this book is for you. How often do you come across a book that can explain most everything? Much of today's news has a basis in prior historical events. The internet IPO market shares striking similarities to the Dutch "tulip mania" of the 1600's. The conflict in the Middle East can trace its roots to the Crusades. The recent satanic child abuse trials are reminiscent of the European witch trials of the 1400s-1600s. This complete two-volume edition demonstrates that the madness and confusion of crowds knows no limits, and has no temporal bounds.
Here are astonishing and entertaining tales of thievery, greed and madness. This informative, funny collection encompasses a broad range of manias and deceptions from haunted houses and the prophecies of Nostradamus to speculative excess. Charles MacKay explains it all in this classic edition. Enjoy! [via]
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- Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds: The Essential Library: ISBN 0738843091 (0-7388-4309-1)
  Softcover, Xlibris Corp
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Mundo Feliz
by Aldous Huxley

ISBN 8497594258 (84-9759-425-8)
Softcover, Debolsillo

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Un mundo feliz es posiblemente la novela mas leida de Huxley, y su influencia es evidente tanto en buena parte de la novela de ciencia ficcion de calidad como en las novelas filosoficas. Presenta un mundo en el que el Estado controla hasta el mas minimo detalle de la vida de los individuos, a los que mantiene en una ignorancia, producto de un depurado lavado de cerebro. Mas tarde el autor escribiria Nueva visita a un mundo feliz, donde analizaria lo que habia escrito anos antes y sacaria conclusiones muy distintas sobre el destino de la humanidad. [via]
More editions of Mundo Feliz:
- Mundo Feliz: ISBN 9871138512 (987-1138-51-2)
  Softcover, Random House Mondadori
- Mundo Feliz: ISBN 8497594258 (84-9759-425-8)
  Softcover, Debolsillo
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Obedience to Authority
by Stanley Milgram

ISBN 006131983X (0-06-131983-X)
Softcover, Harpercollins

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Book summary:
The Dilema of Obedience
Obedience is as basic an element in the structure of social life as one can point to. Some system of authority is a requirement of all communal living, and it is only the man dwelling in isolation who is not forced to respond, through defiance or submission, to the commands of others. Obedience, as a determinant of behavior is of particular relevance to our time. It has been reliably established that from 1933 to 1945 millions of innocent people were systematically slaughtered on command. Gas chambers were built, death camps were guarded, daily quotas of corpses were produced with the same efficiency as the manufacture of appliances. These inhumane policies may have originated in the mind of a single person, but they could only have been carried out on a massive scale if a very large number of people obeyed orders.
Obedience is the psychological mechanism that links individual action to political purpose. It is the dispositional cement that binds men to systems of authority. Facts of recent history and observation in daily life suggest that for many people obedience may be a deeply ingrained behavior tendency, indeed, a prepotent impulse overriding training in ethics, sympathy, and moral conduct. C. P. Snow (1961) points to its importance when he writes:
When you think of the long and gloomy history of man, you will find more hideous crimes have been committed in the name of obedience than have ever been committed in the name of rebellion. If you doubt that, read William Sbirer's 'Rise and Fall of the Third Reich.' The German Officer Corps were brought up in the most rigorous code of obedience . . . in the name of obedience they were party to, andassisted in, the most wicked large scale actions in the history of the world. (p. 24)
The Nazi extermination of European Jews is the most extremeinstance of abhorrent immoral acts carried out by thousands ofpeople in the name of obedience. Yet in lesser degree this type ofthing is constantly recurring: ordinary citizens are ordered todestroy other people, and they do so because they consider ittheir duty to obey orders. Thus, obedience to authority, longpraised as a virtue, takes on a new aspect when it serves amalevolent cause; far from appearing as a virtue, it is transformedinto a heinous sin. Or is it?
The moral question of whether one should obey when commands conflict with conscience was argued by Plato, dramatized in "Antigone," and treated to philosophic analysis in every historical epoch Conservative philosophers argue that the very fabric of society is threatened by disobedience, and even when the act prescribed by an authority is an evil one, it is better to carry out the act than to wrench at the structure of authority. Hobbes stated further that an act so executed is in no sense the responsibility of the person who carries it out but only of the authority that orders it. But humanists argue for the primacy of individual conscience in such matters, insisting that the moral judgments of the individual must override authority when the two are in conflict.
The legal and philosophic aspects of obedience are of enormous import, but an empirically grounded scientist eventually comes to the point where he wishes to move from abstract discourse to the careful observation of concrete instances. In order to take a close look at the act of obeying, I set up a simple experimentat Yale University. Eventually, the experiment was to involve more than a thousand participants and would be repeated at several universities, but at the beginning, the conception was simple. A person comes to a psychological laboratory and is told to carry out a series of acts that come increasingly into conflict with conscience. The main question is how far the participant will comply with the experimenter's instructions before refusing to carry out the actions required of him.
But the reader needs to know a little more detail about the experiment. Two people come to a psychology laboratory to take part in a study of memory and learning. One of them is designated as a "teacher" and the other a "learner." The experimenter explains that the study is concerned with the effects of punishment on learning. The learner is conducted into a room, seated in a chair, his arms strapped to prevent excessive movement, and an electrode attached to his wrist. He is told that he is to learn a list of word pairs; whenever he makes an error, be will receive electric shocks of increasing intensity.
The real focus of the experiment is the teacher. After watching the learner being strapped into place, he is taken into the main experimental room and seated before an impressive shock generator. Its main feature is a horizontal line of thirty switches, ranging from 15 volts to 450 volts, in 15-volt increments. There are also verbal designations which range from Slight SHOCK to Danger--Severe SHOCK. The teacher is told that he is to administer the learning test to the man in the other room. When the learner responds correctly, the teacher moves on to the next item; when the other man gives an incorrectanswer, the teacher is to give him an electric shock. He is to start at the lowest shock level ( 15 volts) and to increase the level each time the man makes an error, going through 30 volts, 45 volts, and so on.
The "teacher" is a genuinely naive subject who has come to the laboratory to participate in an experiment. The learner, or victim, is an actor who actually receives no shock at all. The point of the experiment is to see how far a person will proceed in a concrete and measurable situation in which he is ordered to inflict increasing pain on a protesting victim. [via]
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- Obedience to Authority: ISBN 006131983X (0-06-131983-X)
  Softcover, Harpercollins
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Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View
by Stanley Milgram

ISBN 006073728X (0-06-073728-X)
Softcover, Harpercollins

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Book summary:
In the 1960s Stanley Milgram carried out a series of experiments in which human subjects were given progressively more painful electro-shocks in a careful calibrated series to determine to what extent people will obey orders even when they knew them to be painful and immoral-to determine how people will obey authority regardless of consequences. These experiments came under heavy criticism at the time but have ultimately been vindicated by the scientific community. This book is Milgram2s vivid and persuasive explanation of his methods.
[via]
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The Ordeal of Change
by Eric Hoffer

ISBN 1933435100 (1-933435-10-0)
Softcover, Hopewell Pubns Llc

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Eric Hoffer--one of America's most important thinkers and the author of The True Believer--lived for years as a Depression Era migratory worker. Self-taught, his appetite for knowledge--history, science, mankind--formed the basis of his insight to human nature. Nowhere is this more evident than in Hoffer's seminal work, The Ordeal of Change, essays on the duality and essentiality of change in man throughout history. [via]
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- The Ordeal of Change: ISBN 0899667481 (0-89966-748-1)
  Hardcover, Buccaneer Books
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  Softcover, Hopewell Pubns Llc
The Passionate State of Mind: And Other Aphorisms
by Eric Hoffer

ISBN 1933435097 (1-933435-09-7)
Softcover, Hopewell Pubns Llc

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Eric Hoffer--one of America's most important thinkers and the author of The True Believer--lived for years as a Depression Era migratory worker. Self-taught, his appetite for knowledge--history, science, mankind--formed the basis of his insight to human nature. The Passionate State of Mind is a collection of timeless aphorisms taken from his brilliant writings. [via]
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- The Passionate State of Mind: And Other Aphorisms: ISBN 1568490321 (1-56849-032-1)
  Hardcover, Buccaneer Books
- The Passionate State of Mind: And Other Aphorisms: ISBN 1933435097 (1-933435-09-7)
  Softcover, Hopewell Pubns Llc
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The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life
by Erving Goffman

ISBN 0385094027 (0-385-09402-7)
Softcover, Bantam Dell Pub Group

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Book summary:
In what the General Practitioner called 'this intelligent searching work', the author of "Stigma" and "Asylums" presents an analysis of the structures of social encounters from the perspective of the dramatic performance. He shows us exactly how people use such 'fixed props' as houses, clothes, and job situations; how they combine in teams resembling secret societies; and, how they adopt discrepant roles and communicate out of character. Professor Goffman takes us 'backstage' too, into the regions where people both prepare their images and relax from them; and he demonstrates in painful detail what can happen when a performance falls flat. [via]
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The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (Cram 101)
by Cram 101

ISBN 1428815880 (1-4288-1588-0)
Softcover, Academic Internet Pub Inc

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Book summary:
Never HIGHLIGHT a Book Again! Virtually all testable terms, concepts, persons, places, and events are included. Cram101 Textbook Outlines gives all of the outlines, highlights, notes for your textbook with optional online practice tests. Only Cram101 Outlines are Textbook Specific. Cram101 is NOT the Textbook. Accompanys: 9780716746478 [via]
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- The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (Cram 101): ISBN 1428815880 (1-4288-1588-0)
  Softcover, Academic Internet Pub Inc
The Social Animal
by Elliot Aronson

ISBN 071675715X (0-7167-5715-X)
Softcover, W H Freeman & Co

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Book summary:
Winner of the American Psychological Association's National Media Award, this book is an introduction to modern social psychology. The Sixth Edition retains the text's coverage of classic research while including: a new chapter on social cognition; a more thorough discussion of intimate relations; new discussions of important recent studies and new examples applying the principles of social psychology to modern life. [via]
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Social Psychology
by Roger Brown

ISBN 0029083001 (0-02-908300-1)
Hardcover, Simon & Schuster

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Social Psychology
by Roger William Brown

ISBN 074325340X (0-7432-5340-X)
Softcover, Free Pr

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  Softcover, Free Pr
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The Society of the Spectacle
by Guy Debord

ISBN 0942299795 (0-942299-79-5)
Softcover, Zone Books

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Book summary:
The Das Kapital of the 20th century. An essential text, and the main theoretical work of the situationists. Few works of political and cultural theory have been as enduringly provocative. From its publication amid the social upheavals of the 1960's up to the present, the volatile theses of this book have decisively transformed debates on the shape of modernity, capitalism, and everyday life in the late 20th century. This new edition is the Ken Knabb translation. Certainly it has the most "modern" design of all three editions, as well as a short new introduction from the translator. [via]
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The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference
by Malcolm Gladwell

ISBN 0316346624 (0-316-34662-4)
Softcover, Back Bay Books

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Book summary:
"The best way to understand the dramatic transformation of unknown books into bestsellers, or the rise of teenage smoking, or the phenomena of word of mouth or any number of the other mysterious changes that mark everyday life," writes Malcolm Gladwell, "is to think of them as epidemics. Ideas and products and messages and behaviors spread just like viruses do." Although anyone familiar with the theory of memetics will recognize this concept, Gladwell's The Tipping Point has quite a few interesting twists on the subject.
For example, Paul Revere was able to galvanize the forces of resistance so effectively in part because he was what Gladwell calls a "Connector": he knew just about everybody, particularly the revolutionary leaders in each of the towns that he rode through. But Revere "wasn't just the man with the biggest Rolodex in colonial Boston," he was also a "Maven" who gathered extensive information about the British. He knew what was going on and he knew exactly whom to tell. The phenomenon continues to this day--think of how often you've received information in an e-mail message that had been forwarded at least half a dozen times before reaching you.
Gladwell develops these and other concepts (such as the "stickiness" of ideas or the effect of population size on information dispersal) through simple, clear explanations and entertainingly illustrative anecdotes, such as comparing the pedagogical methods of Sesame Street and Blue's Clues, or explaining why it would be even easier to play Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon with the actor Rod Steiger. Although some readers may find the transitional passages between chapters hold their hands a little too tightly, and Gladwell's closing invocation of the possibilities of social engineering sketchy, even chilling, The Tipping Point is one of the most effective books on science for a general audience in ages. It seems inevitable that "tipping point," like "future shock" or "chaos theory," will soon become one of those ideas that everybody knows--or at least knows by name. --Ron Hogan [via]
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The True Believer: Thoughts on the Nature of Mass Movements
by Eric Hoffer

ISBN 0060505915 (0-06-050591-5)
Softcover, Harpercollins

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Book summary:
A highly provocative, bestselling analysis of the fanatic -- the individual compelled to join a cause, any cause -- and a penetrating study of mass movements from early Christianity to modern nationalism and Communism.Reporting on the true believer, Air Hoffer examines with Machiavellian detachment mass movements, from Christianity in its infancy to the national uprisings of our own day. His analysis of the psychology of mass movements is a brilliant and frightening study of the mind of the fanatic, the individual whose, personal failings lead him to join a cause, any cause, even at peril to life -- or yours. [via]
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Virus of the Mind: The New Science of the Meme
by Richard Brodie

ISBN 0963600125 (0-9636001-2-5)
Softcover, Integral Pr

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Book summary:
If you've ever wondered how and why people become robotically enslaved by advertising, religion, sexual fantasy, and cults, wonder no more. It's all because of "mind viruses," or "memes," and those who understand how to plant them into other's minds. This is the first truly accessible book about memes and how they make the world go 'round.
Of course, like all good memes, the ideas in Brodie's book are double-edged swords. They can vaccinate against the effects of cognitive viruses, but could also be used by those seeking power to gain it even more effectively. If you don't want to be left behind in the coevolutionary arms race between infection and protection, read about memes. [via]
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- Virus of the Mind: The New Science of the Meme: ISBN 0963600117 (0-9636001-1-7)
  Hardcover, Integral Pr
- Virus of the Mind: The New Science of the Meme: ISBN 0963600125 (0-9636001-2-5)
  Softcover, Integral Pr
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What the World Needs Now
by Steven Johnson

ISBN 1580083099 (1-58008-309-9)
Softcover, Ten Speed Pr

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Book summary:
Ever wanted a chair that converts into a rowing machine? Sunglasses that serve as a wallet? A car with a sundeck so you can work on your tan on those long road trips? Well, inventor and illustrator Steven Johnson has designed these marvels and many, many more, spurred on by a truly insatiable imagination. His wacky, wonderful concepts could very well change the world-that is, if someone was ever bold enough to build them. From clothing to dining technology, home furnishings to appliances, and gardening gadgets to survival gear, WHAT THE WORLD NEEDS NOW is a sourcebook of revolutionary designs that prove how far our techno-culture has yet to go. Ä¢ Includes a three-step plan for inventing useful and useless things. [via]
More editions of What the World Needs Now:
- What the World Needs Now: ISBN 0898151252 (0-89815-125-2)
  Softcover, Ten Speed Pr
- What the World Needs Now: ISBN 1580083099 (1-58008-309-9)
  Softcover, Ten Speed Pr
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The Wisdom Of Crowds
by James Surowiecki, Surowiecki, James (AFT)

ISBN 0385721706 (0-385-72170-6)
Softcover, Anchor Books

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Book summary:
In this fascinating book, New Yorker business columnist James Surowiecki explores a deceptively simple idea: Large groups of people are smarter than an elite few, no matter how brilliantbetter at solving problems, fostering innovation, coming to wise decisions, even predicting the future.

With boundless erudition and in delightfully clear prose, Surowiecki ranges across fields as diverse as popular culture, psychology, ant biology, behavioral economics, artificial intelligence, military history, and politics to show how this simple idea offers important lessons for how we live our lives, select our leaders, run our companies, and think about our world. [via]
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  Softcover, Anchor Books
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The Wisdom of Crowds: Why the Many Are Smarter Than the Few and How Collective Wisdom Shapes Business,Economies, Societies and Nations
by James Surowiecki

ISBN 0385503865 (0-385-50386-5)
Hardcover, Bantam Dell Pub Group

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Book summary:
No one in this world, so far as I know, has ever lost money by underestimating the intelligence of the great masses of the plain people. H. L. Mencken

H. L. Mencken was wrong.

In this endlessly fascinating book, New Yorker columnist James Surowiecki explores a deceptively simple idea that has profound implications: large groups of people are smarter than an elite few, no matter how brilliantbetter at solving problems, fostering innovation, coming to wise decisions, even predicting the future.

This seemingly counterintuitive notion has endless and major ramifications for how businesses operate, how knowledge is advanced, how economies are (or should be) organized and how we live our daily lives. With seemingly boundless erudition and in delightfully clear prose, Surowiecki ranges across fields as diverse as popular culture, psychology, ant biology, economic behaviorism, artificial intelligence, military history and political theory to show just how this principle operates in the real world.

Despite the sophistication of his arguments, Surowiecki presents them in a wonderfully entertaining manner. The examples he uses are all down-to-earth, surprising, and fun to ponder. Why is the line in which youre standing always the longest? Why is it that you can buy a screw anywhere in the world and it will fit a bolt bought ten-thousand miles away? Why is network television so awful? If you had to meet someone in Paris on a specific day but had no way of contacting them, when and where would you meet? Why are there traffic jams? Whats the best way to win money on a game show? Why, when you walk into a convenience store at 2:00 A.M. to buy a quart of orange juice, is it there waiting for you? What do Hollywood mafia movies have to teach us about why corporations exist?

The Wisdom of Crowds is a brilliant but accessible biography of an idea, one with important lessons for how we live our lives, select our leaders, conduct our business, and think about our world.
[via]
More editions of The Wisdom of Crowds: Why the Many Are Smarter Than the Few and How Collective Wisdom Shapes Business,Economies, Societies and Nations:
- The Wisdom of Crowds : Why the Many Are Smarter Than the Few and How Collective Wisdom Shapes Business, Economies, Societies and Nations: ISBN 0375433627 (0-375-43362-7)
  Hardcover, Random House Large Print
- The Wisdom of Crowds: Why the Many Are Smarter Than the Few and How Collective Wisdom Shapes Business,Economies, Societies and Nations: ISBN 0385503865 (0-385-50386-5)
  Hardcover, Bantam Dell Pub Group

Spanish

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Blink Inteligencia Intuitiva?/blink.: Por Que Sabemos La Verdad En Dos Segundos/ the Power of Thinking Without Thinking
by Malcolm Gladwell

ISBN 1598200879 (1-59820-087-9)
Softcover, Santillana USA Pub Co Inc

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Book summary:
In Blink, bestselling author Malcolm Gladwell revolutionizes the way we understand the world within. Blink is a book about how we think without thinking, about choices that seem to be made in an instant ¯in the blink of an eye¯ that actually aren't as simple as they seem. Why are some people brilliant decision makers, while others are consistently inept? How do our brains really work - in the office, in the classroom, in the kitchen, and in the bedroom? And why are the best decisions often those that are impossible to explain to others? [via]
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- Blink Inteligencia Intuitiva?/blink.: Por Que Sabemos La Verdad En Dos Segundos/ the Power of Thinking Without Thinking: ISBN 1598200879 (1-59820-087-9)
  Softcover, Santillana USA Pub Co Inc
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Freakonomics: Un Economista Polfticamente Incorrecto Explora El Lado Oculta De Lo Que Nos Afecta
by Stephen J. Dubner, Steven D. Levitt

ISBN 8466625127 (84-666-2512-7)
Softcover, Ediciones B

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Book summary:
Presenting economics as the underlying connection between seemingly unrelated events or phenomena, this international bestseller establishes a new way of looking at the world. The authors explain the hidden side of everything, from violent crime, parenting, and baby names to the Ku Klux Klan and real estate, demonstrating how economics isn't just about numbers, but a study of incentiveshow people get what they need and want when others need and want the same thing.

Comprobando que el estudio de la economía puede explicar como se relacionan fenómenos distintos, este bestseller internacional establece una nueva manera de ver al mundo. Los autores explican el lado escondido de todo, desde crímenes violentos y nombres de bebes hasta el Ku Klux Klan y bienes raíces, demostrando que el estudio de la economía es un estudio de los incentivos: el modo en que las personas obtienen lo que desean o necesitan, especialmente cuando otras personas desean o necesitan lo mismo.
[via]
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  Softcover, Ediciones B
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La Maquina De Los Memes
by Susan Blackmore

ISBN 8449309670 (84-493-0967-0)
Softcover, Paidos Iberica Ediciones S A

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Book summary:
Los humanos somos muy extraños. De la misma forma en que lo hicieron los animales, nuestros cuerpos han evolucionado por selección natural y, no obstante, son tremendamente distintos de los cuerpos de los otros seres. Utilizamos el lenguaje para comunicarnos, declaramos la guerra, creemos en la religión, enterramos a nuestros muertos y nos avergüenza la sexualidad. Consumimos televisión, conducimos automóviles y comemos helados. ¿Por qué somos tan sumamente distintos? De entre todos los animales, los humanos somos los únicos seres capaces de imitar a nuestros semejantes y, por lo tanto, de copiar ideas, costumbres, habilidades, conducta, inventos, canciones e historias: memes, en suma. El término «meme» fue acuñado en 1976 por Richard Dawkins, en las últimas páginas de su obra El gen egoísta. Los memes, como los genes, son replicantes empeñados en introducirse en tantos cerebros como puedan y en iniciar una competición que da forma a nuestras mentes y a nuestra cultura, del mismo modo en que la selección natural ha diseñado nuestros cuerpos. Los memes nos hacen: todos los seres humanos somos máquinas de fabricar memes. Este fascinante y extraordinario libro concluye con una de las cuestiones más trascendentales con las que debe enfrentarse el ser humano: la naturaleza del ser, el meollo de la conciencia que siente emociones, que tiene recuerdos y creencias y que toma decisiones. Y así, el fascinante discurso de Susan Blackmore sostiene que ese meollo de la conciencia, el yo interior, no es más que una entelequia, una ilusión creada por los memes en su esfuerzo por autorreplicarse. [via]
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  Softcover, Paidos Iberica Ediciones S A
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Un Mundo Feliz
by Aldous Huxley

ISBN 840142321X (84-01-42321-X)
Softcover, Plaza & Janes Editories, S.A.

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Book summary:
Un mundo feliz es posiblemente la novela mas leida de Huxley, y su influencia es evidente tanto en buena parte de la novela de ciencia ficcion de calidad como en las novelas filosoficas. Presenta un mundo en el que el Estado controla hasta el mas minimo detalle de la vida de los individuos, a los que mantiene en una ignorancia, producto de un depurado lavado de cerebro. Mas tarde el autor escribiria Nueva visita a un mundo feliz, donde analizaria lo que habia escrito anos antes y sacaria conclusiones muy distintas sobre el destino de la humanidad. [via]
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- Un Mundo Feliz: ISBN 840142321X (84-01-42321-X)
  Softcover, Plaza & Janes Editories, S.A.
Un Mundo feliz/ A Happy World
by Aldous Huxley

ISBN 9706438874 (970-643-887-4)
Softcover, Selector S.A. De C.V.

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  Softcover, Selector S.A. De C.V.

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Le Meilleur Des Mondes
by Aldous Huxley

ISBN 2266113135 (2-266-11313-5)
Softcover, Distribooks Inc

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Book summary:
16,8x10,8x1,8cm. Poche. [via]
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- Le Meilleur Des Mondes: ISBN 2266113135 (2-266-11313-5)
  Softcover, Distribooks Inc

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