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The Age of Reason: Being an Investigation of True and Fabulous Theology
by Thomas Paine

ISBN 1419151770 (1-4191-5177-0)
Softcover, Kessinger Pub Co

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Book summary:
An idealist, a radical, and a master rhetorician, Thomas Paine wrote and lived with a keen sense of urgency and excitement. In The Age of Reason, Thomas Paine declares that all religious traditions are ultimately established for the dependence of mankind. He openly criticizes the Bible and many of the fallacies contained within, as well as providing a shrewd analysis of Christianity and how it developed from its pagan ancestry-arguments many critics claim carry weight today. Paine alienated many of his countrymen with his incendiary viewpoints. Forced to leave America for England, Paine eventually returned to the United States in 1802, though he remained all but ostracized. He died in poverty seven years later in 1809. AUTHOR BIO: Thomas Paine (1737-1809) was an Anglo-American political theorist and writer born in Norfolk, England. In 1774, Paine emigrated to America, bearing letters of introduction from Benjamin Franklin. Soon thereafter, he became involved in the clashes between England and the American colonies and published the enormously successful pamphlet Common Sense in 1776, which was widely distributed and contributed to the patriot cause throughout the American Revolution. [via]
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The Age of Reason: Examination of the Prophecies
by Thomas Paine, Frank R. Zindler

ISBN 0910309701 (0-910309-70-1)
Softcover, Amer Atheist Pr

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Book summary:
Until the publication of this annotated edition, Thomas Paine's third part of "The Age Of Reason" was extremely rare and almost unknown. Titled "Examination of the Prophecies," the book examines all the supposed prophecies of Jesus in the Old Testament alleged by the evangelists of the New Testament. With great wit and penetrating logic, Paine showed that not one of the Old Testament passages cited had anything to do with the Christian's would-be Messiah. Paine appears to have been the first writer in English to suggest that Jesus was not an historical figure.
Frank R. Zindler's marginal notes and commentary examine the Greek and Hebrew texts of the verses being discussed. They show that Paine, who knew no ancient languages and knew of none of the important biblical manuscripts that would be discovered after his death, was astonishingly correct in his critique. [via]
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- The Age of Reason: Examination of the Prophecies: ISBN 0910309701 (0-910309-70-1)
  Softcover, Amer Atheist Pr
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The Closing of the Western Mind: The Rise of Faith and the Fall of Reason
by Charles Freeman

ISBN 1400033802 (1-4000-3380-2)
Softcover, Random House Inc

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Book summary:
A radical and powerful reappraisal of the impact of Constantines adoption of Christianity on the later Roman world, and on the subsequent development both of Christianity and of Western civilization.

When the Emperor Contstantine converted to Christianity in 368 AD, he changed the course of European history in ways that continue to have repercussions to the present day. Adopting those aspects of the religion that suited his purposes, he turned Rome on a course from the relatively open, tolerant and pluralistic civilization of the Hellenistic world, towards a culture that was based on the rule of fixed authority, whether that of the Bible, or the writings of Ptolemy in astronomy and of Galen and Hippocrates in medicine. Only a thousand years later, with the advent of the Renaissance and the emergence of modern science, did Europe begin to free itself from the effects of Constantine's decision, yet the effects of his establishment of Christianity as a state religion remain with us, in many respects, today. Brilliantly wide-ranging and ambitious, this is a major work of history. [via]
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The Critique of Practical Reason
by Immanuel Kant

ISBN 1404359176 (1-4043-5917-6)
Softcover, Indypublish.Com

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Book summary:
In his "Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals", Immanuel Kant outlined the structure of moral reasoning, but to reach this critical point in his philosophy he had to demonstrate how reasoning about ethics could emerge. While the "Critique of Pure Reason" offers the foundation for his theories of knowledge and reality and the manner in which we come to possess ideas about the world, Kant's "Critique of Practical Reason" shows how these mental processes are linked how the mind moves from a formal understanding of reasoning in general to moral reasoning in particular. [via]
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Critique of Practical Reason and Other Works on the Theory of Ethics
by Immanuel Kant, Thomas Kingsmill Abbott

ISBN 0760760942 (0-7607-6094-2)
Hardcover, Barnes & Noble Books

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  Hardcover, Barnes & Noble Books
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Critique of Pure Reason
by Kant, Max Muller, Marcus Weigelt

ISBN 0140447474 (0-14-044747-4)
Softcover, Penguin Classics

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Book summary:
One of the cornerstone books of Western philosophy, here is Kant's seminal treatise, where he seeks to define the nature of reason itself and builds his own unique system of philosophical thought with an approach known as transcendental idealism. He argues that human knowledge is limited by the capacity for perception.
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Critique of Pure Reason
by Allen W. Wood, Paul Guyer, Kant

ISBN 0521354021 (0-521-35402-1)
Hardcover, Cambridge Univ Pr

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Critique of Pure Reason
by Norman Kemp Smith, Kant

ISBN 1403911959 (1-4039-1195-9)
Softcover, Palgrave Macmillan

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Book summary:
Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason is one of the most rewarding and difficult of all philosophical works. Norman Kemp Smith's translation is immensely valuable, not simply because he rendered Kant's language into readable English, but also because his own extensive understanding of the Critique made him acutely aware of the pitfalls of translation. This text is that of the second edition of 1787, with an additional translation of all first edition passages which in the second edition were either altered or omitted. For this reissue of Norman Kemp Smith's classic 1929 edition, Howard Caygill has contributed a new Preface, setting this translation into the context both of Kemp Smith's own life and work, and of his influence on Kant scholarship.
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- Critique of Pure Reason: ISBN 1403911959 (1-4039-1195-9)
  Softcover, Palgrave Macmillan
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Critique of Pure Reason
by Vasilis Politis, Kant, J. Meiklejohn

ISBN 046087358X (0-460-87358-X)
Softcover, Everyman

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Book summary:
A long-awaited new translation of an epochal philosophical text by two distinguished scholars [via]
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- Critique of Pure Reason: ISBN 046087358X (0-460-87358-X)
  Softcover, Everyman
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Critique of Pure Reason
by Werner S. Pluhar, Kant, Patricia W. Kitcher

ISBN 0872202577 (0-87220-257-7)
Softcover, Hackett Pub Co Inc

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Book summary:
Like Werner Pluhar's distinguished translation of "Critique of Judgment" (Hackett Publishing Co., 1987), this new rendering of "Critique of Pure Reason" reflects the elegant achievement of a master translator. This richly annotated volume offers translations of the complete texts of both the first and second editions, as well as Kant's own notes. Extensive editorial notes by Werner Pluhar and James Ellington supply explanatory and terminological comments, translations of Latin and other foreign expressions, variant readings, cross-references to other passages in the text and in other writings of Kant, and references to secondary works. An extensive bibliography, glossary, and detailed index are included. Patricia Kitcher's illuminating Introduction provides a roadmap to Kant's abstract and complex argumentation by firmly locating his view in the context of eighteenth-century - and current - attempts to understand the nature of the thinking mind and its ability to comprehend the physical universe. [via]
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- Critique of Pure Reason: ISBN 0872202577 (0-87220-257-7)
  Softcover, Hackett Pub Co Inc
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The Demon-Haunted World: Science As a Candle in the Dark
by Carl Sagan

ISBN 0345409469 (0-345-40946-9)
Softcover, Ballantine Books

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Book summary:
Carl Sagan muses on the current state of scientific thought, which offers him marvelous opportunities to entertain us with his own childhood experiences, the newspaper morgues, UFO stories, and the assorted flotsam and jetsam of pseudoscience. Along the way he debunks alien abduction, faith-healing, and channeling; refutes the arguments that science destroys spirituality, and provides a "baloney detection kit" for thinking through political, social, religious, and other issues. [via]
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- The Demon-Haunted World : Science As a Candle in the Dark: ISBN 039453512X (0-394-53512-X)
  Hardcover, Random House Publishing Group
- The Demon-Haunted World: Science As a Candle in the Dark: ISBN 0345409469 (0-345-40946-9)
  Softcover, Ballantine Books
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Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain
by Antonio Damasio

ISBN 014303622X (0-14-303622-X)
Softcover, Penguin Group USA

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Book summary:
In this wondrously lucid and engaging book, renowned neurologist Antonio Damasio demonstrates what many of us have long suspected: emotions are not a luxury, they are essential to rational thinking.
Descartes' Error takes the reader on an enthralling journey of scientific discovery, starting with the case of Phineas Gage--a construction foreman who in 1848 survived a freak accident in which a 3 1/2 foot iron rod passed through his head--and continuing on to Damasio's experiences with modern-day neurological patients affected by brain damage. Far from interfering with rationality, his research shows us, the absence of emotion and feeling can break down rationality and make wise decision making almost impossible.
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Dialectic of Enlightenment
by Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer, John Cumming

ISBN 0826400930 (0-8264-0093-0)
Softcover, Continuum Intl Pub Group

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Book summary:
This celebrated work is the keystone of the thought of the Frankfurt School. It is a wide-ranging philosophical and psychological critique of the Western categories of reason and nature, from Homer to Nietzsche. "A classic of twentieth-century thought". TIMES LITERARY SUPPLEMENT. [via]
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Dialectic of Enlightenment: Philosophical Fragments
by Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer, Gunzelin Schmid Noerr, Edmund Jephcott

ISBN 0804736332 (0-8047-3633-2)
Softcover, Stanford Univ Pr

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Book summary:
Dialectic of Enlightenment is undoubtedly the most influential publication of the Frankfurt School of Critical Theory. Written during the Second World War and circulated privately, it appeared in a printed edition in Amsterdam in 1947. "What we had set out to do," the authors write in the Preface, "was nothing less than to explain why humanity, instead of entering a truly human state, is sinking into a new kind of barbarism."

Yet the work goes far beyond a mere critique of contemporary events. Historically remote developments, indeed, the birth of Western history and of subjectivity itself out of the struggle against natural forces, as represented in myths, are connected in a wide arch to the most threatening experiences of the present.

The book consists in five chapters, at first glance unconnected, together with a number of shorter notes. The various analyses concern such phenomena as the detachment of science from practical life, formalized morality, the manipulative nature of entertainment culture, and a paranoid behavioral structure, expressed in aggressive anti-Semitism, that marks the limits of enlightenment. The authors perceive a common element in these phenomena, the tendency toward self-destruction of the guiding criteria inherent in enlightenment thought from the beginning. Using historical analyses to elucidate the present, they show, against the background of a prehistory of subjectivity, why the National Socialist terror was not an aberration of modern history but was rooted deeply in the fundamental characteristics of Western civilization.

Adorno and Horkheimer see the self-destruction of Western reason as grounded in a historical and fateful dialectic between the domination of external nature and society. They trace enlightenment, which split these spheres apart, back to its mythical roots. Enlightenment and myth, therefore, are not irreconcilable opposites, but dialectically mediated qualities of both real and intellectual life. "Myth is already enlightenment, and enlightenment reverts to mythology." This paradox is the fundamental thesis of the book.

This new translation, based on the text in the complete edition of the works of Max Horkheimer, contains textual variants, commentary upon them, and an editorial discussion of the position of this work in the development of Critical Theory.
[via]
More editions of Dialectic of Enlightenment: Philosophical Fragments:
- Dialectic of Enlightenment: Philosophical Fragments: ISBN 0804736324 (0-8047-3632-4)
  Hardcover, Stanford Univ Pr
- Dialectic of Enlightenment: Philosophical Fragments: ISBN 0804736332 (0-8047-3633-2)
  Softcover, Stanford Univ Pr
Dialektik Der Aufklarung: Philosophische Fragmente
by Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer

ISBN 3100318293 (3-10-031829-3)
Hardcover, S. Fischer

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- Dialektik Der Aufklarung: Philosophische Fragmente: ISBN 3100318293 (3-10-031829-3)
  Hardcover, S. Fischer
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Elogio De La Locura
by Erasmo de Rotterdam

ISBN 987550551X (987-550-551-X)
Softcover, Longseller S.A.

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Book summary:
Book in Spanish [via]
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- Elogio De La Locura: ISBN 987550551X (987-550-551-X)
  Softcover, Longseller S.A.
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End of Faith: Religion, Terror, And the Future of Reason
by Sam Harris

ISBN 0393327655 (0-393-32765-5)
Softcover, W W Norton & Co Inc

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Book summary:
Sam Harris cranks out blunt, hard-hitting chapters to make his case for why faith itself is the most dangerous element of modern life. And if the devil's in the details, then you'll find Satan waiting at the back of the book in the very substantial notes section where Harris saves his more esoteric discussions to avoid sidetracking the urgency of his message.
Interestingly, Harris is not just focused on debunking religious faith, though he makes his compelling arguments with verve and intellectual clarity. The End of Faith is also a bit of a philosophical Swiss Army knife. Once he has presented his arguments on why, in an age of Weapons of Mass Destruction, belief is now a hazard of great proportions, he focuses on proposing alternate approaches to the mysteries of life. Harris recognizes the truth of the human condition, that we fear death, and we often crave "something more" we cannot easily define, and which is not met by accumulating more material possessions. But by attempting to provide the cure for the ills it defines, the book bites off a bit more than it can comfortably chew in its modest page count (however the rich Bibliography provides more than enough background for an intrigued reader to follow up for months on any particular strand of the author' musings.)
Harris' heart is not as much in the latter chapters, though, but in presenting his main premise. Simply stated, any belief system that speaks with assurance about the hereafter has the potential to place far less value on the here and now. And thus the corollary -- when death is simply a door translating us from one existence to another, it loses its sting and finality. Harris pointedly asks us to consider that those who do not fear death for themselves, and who also revere ancient scriptures instructing them to mete it out generously to others, may soon have these weapons in their own hands. If thoughts along the same line haunt you, this is your book.--Ed Dobeas [via]
More editions of End of Faith: Religion, Terror, And the Future of Reason:
- The End of Faith: Religion, Terror, and the Future of Reason: ISBN 0393035158 (0-393-03515-8)
  Hardcover, W W Norton & Co Inc
- End of Faith: Religion, Terror, And the Future of Reason: ISBN 0393327655 (0-393-32765-5)
  Softcover, W W Norton & Co Inc
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Enquiries Concerning Human Understanding and Concerning the Principles of Morals
by David Hume

ISBN 019824536X (0-19-824536-X)
Softcover, Oxford Univ Pr

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Book summary:
Reprinted from the posthumous edition of 1777 and edited with introduction, comparative tables of contents, and analytical index by L. A. Selby-Bigge. Third edition with text revised and notes by P. H. Nidditch. [via]
More editions of Enquiries Concerning Human Understanding and Concerning the Principles of Morals:
- Enquiries Concerning Human Understanding and Concerning the Principles of Morals: ISBN 0198245351 (0-19-824535-1)
  Hardcover, Clarendon Press
- Enquiries Concerning Human Understanding and Concerning the Principles of Morals: ISBN 019824536X (0-19-824536-X)
  Softcover, Oxford Univ Pr
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An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
by David Hume

ISBN 1419106317 (1-4191-0631-7)
Softcover, Kessinger Pub Co

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Book summary:
Philosopher David Hume was considered to one of the most important figures in the age of Scottish enlightenment. In "An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding" Hume discusses the weakness that humans have in their abilities to comprehend the world around them, what is referred to in the title as human understanding. This work, now commonly required reading in philosophy classes, exposed a broad audience to philosophy when it was first published. A great introduction to the philosophy of David Hume, "An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding" and the ideas within it are as intriguing today as when they were first written. [via]
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An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding: A Letter from a Gentleman to His Friend in Edinburgh
by David Hume

ISBN 0915144166 (0-915144-16-6)
Softcover, Hackett Pub Co Inc

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- An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding: A Letter from a Gentleman to His Friend in Edinburgh: ISBN 0915144174 (0-915144-17-4)
  Hardcover, Hackett Pub Co
- An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding: A Letter from a Gentleman to His Friend in Edinburgh: ISBN 0915144166 (0-915144-16-6)
  Softcover, Hackett Pub Co Inc
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An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. And Other Writings
by Stephen Buckle

ISBN 0521604036 (0-521-60403-6)
Softcover, Cambridge Univ Pr

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Book summary:
David Hume's An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, first published in 1748, is a concise statement of Hume's central philosophical positions. It develops an account of human mental functioning which emphasizes the limits of human knowledge and the extent of our reliance on (non-rational) mental habits. It then applies that account to questions of free will and religious knowledge before closing with a defence of moderate scepticism. This volume, which presents a modified version of the definitive 1772 edition of the work, offers helpful annotation for the student reader, together with an introduction that sets this profoundly influential work in its philosophical and historical contexts. The volume also includes a selection of other works by Hume that throw light on both the circumstances of the work's genesis and its key themes and arguments. [via]
More editions of An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. And Other Writings:
- Hume: An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, And Other Writings: ISBN 0521843405 (0-521-84340-5)
  Hardcover, Cambridge Univ Pr
- An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. And Other Writings: ISBN 0521604036 (0-521-60403-6)
  Softcover, Cambridge Univ Pr
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The God Delusion
by Richard Dawkins

ISBN 0618680004 (0-618-68000-4)
Hardcover, Houghton Mifflin

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Book summary:
A preeminent scientist -- and the world's most prominent atheist -- asserts the irrationality of belief in God and the grievous harm religion has inflicted on society, from the Crusades to 9/11.

With rigor and wit, Dawkins examines God in all his forms, from the sex-obsessed tyrant of the Old Testament to the more benign (but still illogical) Celestial Watchmaker favored by some Enlightenment thinkers. He eviscerates the major arguments for religion and demonstrates the supreme improbability of a supreme being. He shows how religion fuels war, foments bigotry, and abuses children, buttressing his points with historical and contemporary evidence. The God Delusion makes a compelling case that belief in God is not just wrong but potentially deadly. It also offers exhilarating insight into the advantages of atheism to the individual and society, not the least of which is a clearer, truer appreciation of the universe's wonders than any faith could ever muster.
[via]
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- The God Delusion: ISBN 0618680004 (0-618-68000-4)
  Hardcover, Houghton Mifflin
Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason
by Immanuel Kant

ISBN 0312450109 (0-312-45010-9)
Softcover, St Martins Pr

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- Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason: ISBN 0312450451 (0-312-45045-1)
  Hardcover, Palgrave Macmillan
- Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason: ISBN 0312450109 (0-312-45010-9)
  Softcover, St Martins Pr
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Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding an Abstract
by D. Hume

ISBN 002353110X (0-02-353110-X)
Softcover, Bobbs-Merrill Co

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Book summary:
Library of Liberal Arts title. [via]
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- Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding an Abstract: ISBN 002353110X (0-02-353110-X)
  Softcover, Bobbs-Merrill Co
An Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding: With a Supplement, An Abstract of A Treatise of Human Nature
by David Hume, Charles William Hendel

ISBN 0672602180 (0-672-60218-0)
Softcover, Bobbs-Merrill Educational Pub

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  Softcover, Bobbs-Merrill Educational Pub
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Kant : Critique of Practical Reason
by Immanuel Kant, Mary J. Gregor, Andrews Reath, Karl Ameriks

ISBN 0521599628 (0-521-59962-8)
Softcover, Cambridge University Press

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Book summary:
A new edition of a seminal text in the history of moral philosophy. [via]
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- Kant : Critique of Practical Reason: ISBN 0521599628 (0-521-59962-8)
  Softcover, Cambridge University Press
Kant's Critique of Pure Reason: An Abridged Translation for College Students
by Immanuel Kant, Humphrey Palmer

ISBN 0773491678 (0-7734-9167-8)
Hardcover, Edwin Mellen Pr

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  Hardcover, Edwin Mellen Pr
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Kritik Der Reinen Vernunft
by Immanuel Kant, Jens Timmermann

ISBN 3787313206 (3-7873-1320-6)
Hardcover, F. Meiner Verlag

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Book summary:
Die Erfolgsgeschichte der modernen Naturwissenschaften vor Augen, wollte Kant auch die Philosophie, insbesondere die Metaphysik auf den sicheren Weg einer Wissenschaft bringen. Das Ergebnis war jedoch die wohl wirkungsvollste und nachhaltigste Zerstörung metaphysischen Denkens in der neuzeitlichen Philosophie.
Kant sprach von einer Kopernikanischen Wende. Sie sollte dadurch herbeigeführt werden, dass die philosophische Erkenntnis sich von den Gegenständen selbst auf die Möglichkeit der Erkenntnis derselben zurückwendet. Kritik der reinen Vernunft bedeutet daher vor allem Selbstprüfung des menschlichen Erkenntnisvermögens hinsichtlich seiner Grenzen und Erkenntnismöglichkeiten. Kants für die moderne Philosophie grundlegende Einsicht war, dass erfahrungsunabhängige, also metaphysische Erkenntnis nur in der Einschränkung auf die formalen Bedingungen möglicher Erfahrung beweisbar und damit alle traditionelle Metaphysik nichts als Scheinwissenschaft ist.
Grundvoraussetzung für dieses Projekt ist die Rückführung aller gültigen Erkenntnis auf die im Subjekt angelegten Bedingungen. So wie Raum und Zeit keine Gegenstände, sondern reine, subjektive Anschauungsformen möglichen Gegebenseins von konkreten empirischen Erscheinungen sind, so sind auch die reinen Verstandesbegriffe bloß formale Bedingungen der Einheit möglicher Objekte. Wir erkennen nie die Dinge an sich selbst, sondern nur die Erscheinungen, das heißt die Gegenstände, wie sie uns durch die formalen Bedingungen unseres Erkenntnisvermögens gegeben sind.
Vor allem Kants idealistische Erben wollten sich mit dieser Einschränkung der Erkenntnis auf die Erscheinungswelt nicht zufrieden geben und gingen daher über Kants kritischen Idealismus hinaus. Statt dessen versucht man in der sprachphilosophisch geläuterten, modernen Erkenntnistheorie (Putnam, McDowell) wieder an Kants Kritizismus Anschluss zu finden. --Jens Kertscher [via]
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- Kritik Der Reinen Vernunft: ISBN 3787313206 (3-7873-1320-6)
  Hardcover, F. Meiner Verlag
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Labyrinths of Reason
by William Poundstone

ISBN 0385242719 (0-385-24271-9)
Softcover, Random House Inc

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We conceive of and describe the world in ways that usually work just fine, but in the far corners of the labyrinth of reason, our best intentions fold back on themselves, and we end up trapped in an intractable loop or tumbling down a chute of infinite regress. Labyrinths of Reason is a collection of classic philosophical thought experiments and other imponderables that push reason and language to their logical limits. Beyond just idle brainteasers, William Poundstone shows that these mental exercises have profound implications for such fields as cryptography, decision theory, subatomic physics, and computer programming. But most of all, they're good, clean philosophical fun! [via]
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- Labyrinths of Reason: ISBN 0385242719 (0-385-24271-9)
  Softcover, Random House Inc
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The Labyrinths of Reason: Paradox, Puzzles, and the Frailty of Knowledge
by William Poundstone

ISBN 0385242611 (0-385-24261-1)
Hardcover, Doubleday Publishing

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Book summary:
We conceive of and describe the world in ways that usually work just fine, but in the far corners of the labyrinth of reason, our best intentions fold back on themselves, and we end up trapped in an intractable loop or tumbling down a chute of infinite regress. Labyrinths of Reason is a collection of classic philosophical thought experiments and other imponderables that push reason and language to their logical limits. Beyond just idle brainteasers, William Poundstone shows that these mental exercises have profound implications for such fields as cryptography, decision theory, subatomic physics, and computer programming. But most of all, they're good, clean philosophical fun! [via]
More editions of The Labyrinths of Reason: Paradox, Puzzles, and the Frailty of Knowledge:
- The Labyrinths of Reason: Paradox, Puzzles, and the Frailty of Knowledge: ISBN 0385242611 (0-385-24261-1)
  Hardcover, Doubleday Publishing
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Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason
by M. FOUCAULT

ISBN 0415253853 (0-415-25385-3)
Softcover, Taylor and Francis

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Book summary:
Perhaps the French philosopher's masterpiece, which is concerned with an extraordinary question: What does it mean to be mad? [via]
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The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity: Twelve Lectures
by Jurgen Habermas, Frederick Lawrence

ISBN 0262581027 (0-262-58102-7)
Softcover, Mit Pr

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Book summary:
The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity is a tour de force that has the immediacy and accessibility of the lecture form and the excitement of an encounter across, national cultural boundaries. Habermas takes up the challenge posed by the radical critique of reason in contemporary French poststructuralism.Tracing the odyssey of the philosophical discourse of modernity, Habermas's strategy is to return to those historical "crossroads" at which Hegel and the Young Hegelians, Nietzsche and Heidegger made the fateful decisions that led to this outcome. His aim is to identify and clearly mark out a road indicated but not taken: the determinate negation of subject-centered reason through the concept of communicative rationality. As The Theory of Communicative Action served to place this concept within the history of social theory, these lectures locate it within the history of philosophy. Habermas examines the odyssey of the philosophical discourse of modernity from Hegel through the present and tests his own ideas about the appropriate form of a postmodern discourse through dialogs with a broad range of past and present critics and theorists.The lectures on Georges Bataille, Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, and Cornelius Castoriadis are of particular note since they are the first fruits of the recent cross-fertilization between French and German thought. Habermas's dialogue with Foucault - begun in person as the first of these lectures were delivered in Paris in 1983 culminates here in two appreciative yet intensely argumentative lectures. His discussion of the literary-theoretical reception of Derrida in America - launched at Cornell in 1984 - issues here in a long excursus on the genre distinction between philosophy and literature. The lectures were reworked for the final time in seminars at Boston College and first published in Germany in the fall of 1985.Jürgen Habermas is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Frankfurt. The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity is included in the series Studies in Contemporary German Social Thought, edited by Thomas McCarthy.
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More editions of The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity: Twelve Lectures:
- The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity: Twelve Lectures: ISBN 0262081636 (0-262-08163-6)
  Hardcover, MIT Press
- The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity: Twelve Lectures: ISBN 0262581027 (0-262-58102-7)
  Softcover, Mit Pr
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Philosophy in a New Key a Study in the Symbolism O
by S.K. Langer

ISBN 0674665031 (0-674-66503-1)
Softcover, Harvard Univ Pr

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Book summary:
Modern theories of meaning usually culminate in a critique of science. This book presents a study of human intelligence beginning with a semantic theory and leading into a critique of music.
By implication it sets up a theory of all the arts; the transference of its basic concepts to other arts than music is not developed, but it is sketched, mainly in the chapter on artistic import. Thoughtful readers of the original edition discovered these far-reaching ideas quickly enough as the career of the book shows: it is as applicable to literature, art and music as to the field of philosophy itself.
The topics it deals with are many: language, sacrament, myth, music, abstraction, fact, knowledge--to name only the main ones. But through them all goes the principal theme, symbolic transformation as the essential activity of human minds. This central idea, emphasizing as it does the notion of symbolism, brings Mrs. Langer's book into line with the prevailing interest in semantics. All profound issues of our age seem to center around the basic concepts of symbolism and meaning. The formative, creative, articulating power of symbols is the tonic chord which thinkers of all schools and many diverse fields are unmistakably striking; the surprising, far-reaching implications of this new fundamental conception constitute what Mrs. Langer has called "philosophy in a new key."
Mrs. Langer's book brings the discussion of symbolism into a wider general use than criticism of word meaning. Her volume is vigorous, effective, and well written and will appeal to everyone interested in the contemporary problems of philosophy.
[via]
More editions of Philosophy in a New Key a Study in the Symbolism O:
- Philosophy in a New Key a Study in the Symbolism O: ISBN 0674665031 (0-674-66503-1)
  Softcover, Harvard Univ Pr
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Reason in the Age of Science
by Hans Georg Gadamer, Frederick G. Lawrence

ISBN 0262570610 (0-262-57061-0)
Softcover, MIT Press

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Book summary:
The essays in this book deal broadly with the question of what form reasoning about life and society can take in a culture permeated by scientific and technical modes of thought. They attempt to identify certain very basic types of questions that seem to escape scientific resolution and call for, in Gadamer's view, philosophical reflection of a hermeneutic sort.In effect, Gadamer argues for the continued practical relevance of Socratic-Platonic modes of thought in respect to contemporary issues. As part of this argument, he advances his own views on the interplay of science, technology, and social policy.These essays, which are not available in any existing translation or collection of Gadamer's work, are remarkably up-to-date with respect to the present state of his thinking, and they address issues that are particularly critical to social theory and philosophy.Perhaps more than anyone else, Hans-Georg Gadamer, who is Professor Emeritus at the University of Heidelberg and Distinguished Visiting Professor at Boston College, is the doyen of German Philosophy. His previously translated works have been widely and enthusiastically received in this country. He is recognized as the chief theorist of hermeneutics, a strong and growing movement here in a number of disciplines, from theology and literary criticism to philosophy and social theory.A book in the series Studies in Contemporary German Social Thought.
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More editions of Reason in the Age of Science:
- Reason in the Age of Science: ISBN 0262070855 (0-262-07085-5)
  Hardcover, Mit Pr
- Reason in the Age of Science: ISBN 0262570610 (0-262-57061-0)
  Softcover, MIT Press
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Reason in the Balance: The Case Against Naturalism in Science, Law & Education
by Phillip E. Johnson

ISBN 0830819290 (0-8308-1929-0)
Softcover, Intervarsity Pr

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Book summary:
Voted one of 1996 Books of the Year!

In his first book, Berkeley law professor Phillip E. Johnson took on the heavyweights of science. And he got their attention, even provoking a response from neo-Darwinist Stephen Jay Gould in the pages of Now Johnson's back with a book that expands his critique from science to law, education and today's culture wars.

Is God unconstitutional?

Why is morality forced out of public school curriculum?

Can Christians believe in God and evolution?

Why aren't we getting anywhere in the debate over abortion?

Will the Grand Unified Theory solve the riddle of the universe?

Johnson dares to answer these and other tough, touchy questions. He reveals why naturalism (the philosophy that the material world is all there was, is and will be) has become "the established religious philosophy of America," supplanting Judeo-Christian belief. He shows how naturalism undergirds science, law, education and popular culture. And he argues that naturalism has even infiltrated the church--marginalizing opposition as irrational, and encouraging Christians to adopt a more "reasonable" stance.

In Johnson writes energetically and persuasively--chapter by chapter zeroing in on the chinks in the argument for naturalism. He explores nearly every acre of today's cultural battlefield: God, sex education, evolution, abortion, cosmology and particle physics, what our public schools should teach, the basis of law, the meaning of reason and a few other things that matter. Armed with biblical truth, common sense and a clear understanding of his foe, he steps out like David to fell the intellectual Goliath of our day. [via]
More editions of Reason in the Balance: The Case Against Naturalism in Science, Law & Education:
- Reason in the Balance: The Case Against Naturalism in Science, Law & Education: ISBN 0830816100 (0-8308-1610-0)
  Hardcover, Intervarsity Pr
- Reason in the Balance: The Case Against Naturalism in Science, Law & Education: ISBN 0830819290 (0-8308-1929-0)
  Softcover, Intervarsity Pr
The Theory of Communicative Action: Reason and the Rationalization of Society
by Jurgen Habermas

ISBN 0807015075 (0-8070-1507-5)
Softcover, Beacon Pr

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- The Theory of Communicative Action: Reason and the Rationalization of Society: ISBN 0807015075 (0-8070-1507-5)
  Softcover, Beacon Pr
The Vampire of Reason: An Essay in the Philosophy of History
by Richard J. Blackburn

ISBN 0860919722 (0-86091-972-2)
Softcover, W W Norton & Co Inc

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More editions of The Vampire of Reason: An Essay in the Philosophy of History:
- The Vampire of Reason : An Essay in the Philosophy of History: ISBN 0860912574 (0-86091-257-4)
  Hardcover, Routledge, Chapman & Hall, Incorporated
- The Vampire of Reason: An Essay in the Philosophy of History: ISBN 0860919722 (0-86091-972-2)
  Softcover, W W Norton & Co Inc
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Voltaire's Bastards: The Dictatorship of Reason in the West
by John Ralston Saul

ISBN 0679748199 (0-679-74819-9)
Softcover, Random House Inc

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Book summary:
Argues that the rationalist political and social experiments of the Enlightenment have degenerated into societies dominated by technology and a crude code of managerial efficiency. These are societies enslaved by manufactured fashions and artificial heroes, divorced from natural human instinct. [via]
More editions of Voltaire's Bastards: The Dictatorship of Reason in the West:
- Voltaire's Bastards: The Dictatorship of Reason in the West: ISBN 0029277256 (0-02-927725-6)
  Hardcover, Simon & Schuster
- Voltaire's Bastards: The Dictatorship of Reason in the West: ISBN 0679748199 (0-679-74819-9)
  Softcover, Random House Inc

Portuguese

Ao Encontro De Espinosa: As Emocoes Sociais E a Neurologia Do Sentir
by Antonio R. Damasio

ISBN 9721052299 (972-1-05229-9)
Hardcover, Publicacoes Europa-America

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More editions of Ao Encontro De Espinosa: As Emocoes Sociais E a Neurologia Do Sentir:
- Ao Encontro De Espinosa: As Emocoes Sociais E a Neurologia Do Sentir: ISBN 9721052299 (972-1-05229-9)
  Hardcover, Publicacoes Europa-America
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Critica De La Razon Pura
by Immanuel Kant

ISBN 8430938109 (84-309-3810-9)
Softcover, Grupo Anaya Comercial

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Book summary:
Nuestra epoca es la epoca de la critica, a la que todo tiene que someterse. La religion por su santidad y la legislacion por su majestad quieren generalmente sustraerse a ella. Pero entonces suscitan contra si sospechas justificadas y no pueden aspirar a un respeto sincero, que la razon solo concede a quien ha podido sostener libre y publico examen .Immanuel Kant [via]
More editions of Critica De La Razon Pura:
- Critica De La Razon Pura: ISBN 8430938109 (84-309-3810-9)
  Softcover, Grupo Anaya Comercial

Spanish

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Critica a La Razon Practica
by Immanuel Kant

ISBN 8495311674 (84-95311-67-4)
Softcover, Jorge a Mestas Ediciones

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- Critica a La Razon Practica: ISBN 8495311674 (84-95311-67-4)
  Softcover, Jorge a Mestas Ediciones
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Los Hermanos Karamasov/the Karamasov Brothers
by Fedor Dostoievski

ISBN 9871150075 (987-1150-07-5)
Softcover, Distal S R L

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More editions of Los Hermanos Karamasov/the Karamasov Brothers:
- Los Hermanos Karamasov/the Karamasov Brothers: ISBN 9871150075 (987-1150-07-5)
  Softcover, Distal S R L

German

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Kritik Der Reinen Vernunft
by Immanuel Kant, Jens Timmermann

ISBN 3787313192 (3-7873-1319-2)
Hardcover, F. Meiner Verlag

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Book summary:
Die Erfolgsgeschichte der modernen Naturwissenschaften vor Augen, wollte Kant auch die Philosophie, insbesondere die Metaphysik auf den sicheren Weg einer Wissenschaft bringen. Das Ergebnis war jedoch die wohl wirkungsvollste und nachhaltigste Zerstörung metaphysischen Denkens in der neuzeitlichen Philosophie.
Kant sprach von einer Kopernikanischen Wende. Sie sollte dadurch herbeigeführt werden, dass die philosophische Erkenntnis sich von den Gegenständen selbst auf die Möglichkeit der Erkenntnis derselben zurückwendet. Kritik der reinen Vernunft bedeutet daher vor allem Selbstprüfung des menschlichen Erkenntnisvermögens hinsichtlich seiner Grenzen und Erkenntnismöglichkeiten. Kants für die moderne Philosophie grundlegende Einsicht war, dass erfahrungsunabhängige, also metaphysische Erkenntnis nur in der Einschränkung auf die formalen Bedingungen möglicher Erfahrung beweisbar und damit alle traditionelle Metaphysik nichts als Scheinwissenschaft ist.
Grundvoraussetzung für dieses Projekt ist die Rückführung aller gültigen Erkenntnis auf die im Subjekt angelegten Bedingungen. So wie Raum und Zeit keine Gegenstände, sondern reine, subjektive Anschauungsformen möglichen Gegebenseins von konkreten empirischen Erscheinungen sind, so sind auch die reinen Verstandesbegriffe bloß formale Bedingungen der Einheit möglicher Objekte. Wir erkennen nie die Dinge an sich selbst, sondern nur die Erscheinungen, das heißt die Gegenstände, wie sie uns durch die formalen Bedingungen unseres Erkenntnisvermögens gegeben sind.
Vor allem Kants idealistische Erben wollten sich mit dieser Einschränkung der Erkenntnis auf die Erscheinungswelt nicht zufrieden geben und gingen daher über Kants kritischen Idealismus hinaus. Statt dessen versucht man in der sprachphilosophisch geläuterten, modernen Erkenntnistheorie (Putnam, McDowell) wieder an Kants Kritizismus Anschluss zu finden. --Jens Kertscher [via]
More editions of Kritik Der Reinen Vernunft:
- Kritik Der Reinen Vernunft: ISBN 3787313192 (3-7873-1319-2)
  Hardcover, F. Meiner Verlag

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