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› Find signed collectible books: 'Also Sprach Zarathustra'
Die Klassiker der deutschen und weltweiten Literatur in einer einzigartigen Reihe. Lesen Sie die besten Werke großer Schriftsteller und Autoren auf Ihrem Kindle Reader. [via]
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› Find signed collectible books: 'Asi Hablaba Zaratustra'
This Book Is In Spanish. [via]
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› Find signed collectible books: 'Asi Hablo Zaratustra / Thus Spoke Zarathustra'
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› Find signed collectible books: 'Basic Writings of Nietzsche'
A better title for this book might be The Indispensable Writings of Nietzsche. Indeed, the six selections contained in Walter Kaufmann's volume are not only critical elements of Nietzsche's oeuvre, they are must-reads for any aspiring student of philosophy. Those coming to Nietzsche for the first time will be pleased to find three of his best-known works--The Birth of Tragedy, Beyond Good and Evil, and On the Genealogy of Morals--as well as a collection of 75 aphorisms drawn from Nietzsche's celebrated aphoristic work. In addition, there are two lesser known, but important, pieces in The Case of Wagner and Ecce Homo. Kaufmann's lucid and accurate translations have been the gold standard of Nietzsche scholarship since the 1950s, and this volume does not disappoint.
Anyone who has slogged their way through the swamps of German philosophical writing---in Kant or Hegel or Heidegger--will find Nietzsche a refreshing and exhilarating change. The selections are well chosen, and a cover-to-cover read will aptly depict Nietzsche's philosophy. In this volume the reader will find many of Nietzsche's polemical (and frequently misunderstood) ratiocinations on Christianity, Socrates, Germany, and art. Here, too, are his seminal and unforgettable critiques of Western morality ("That lambs dislike great birds of prey does not seem strange: only it gives no ground for reproaching these birds of prey for bearing off little lambs"). For philosophical fireworks, Nietzsche can hardly be matched. His brazen defiance of intellectualism's conventions still rings in contemporary thought because he practiced philosophy with a hammer. --Eric de Place [via]
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› Find signed collectible books: 'Being and Time : A Translation of Sein und Zeit'
Martin Heidegger paved the road trod on by the existentialists with the 1927 publication of Being and Time. His encyclopedic knowledge of philosophy from ancient to modern times led him to rethink the most basic concepts underlying our thinking about ourselves. Emphasizing the "sense of being" (dasein) over other interpretations of conscious existence, he argued that specific and concrete ideas form the bases of our perceptions, and that thinking about abstractions leads to confusion at best. Thus, for example, "time" is only meaningful as it is experienced: the time it takes to drive to work, eat lunch, or read a book is real to us; the concept of "time" is not.
Unfortunately, his writing is difficult to follow, even for the dedicated student. Heidegger is best read in German: his neologisms and other wordplay strain the talents of even the best translators. Still, his thoughts about authentic being and his turning the philosophical ground inspired many of the greatest thinkers of the mid 20th century, from Sartre to Derrida. Unfortunately, political and other considerations forced Heidegger to leave Being and Time unfinished; we can only wonder what might have been otherwise. --Rob Lightner [via]
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› Find signed collectible books: 'Beyond Good and Evil'
Purchase one of 1st World Library's Classic Books and help support our free internet library of downloadable eBooks. Visit us online at www.1stWorldLibrary.ORG - - 1. The Will to Truth, which is to tempt us to many a hazardous enterprise, the famous Truthfulness of which all philosophers have hitherto spoken with respect, what questions has this Will to Truth not laid before us! What strange, perplexing, questionable questions! It is already a long story; yet it seems as if it were hardly commenced. Is it any wonder if we at last grow distrustful, lose patience, and turn impatiently away? That this Sphinx teaches us at last to ask questions ourselves? WHO is it really that puts questions to us here? WHAT really is this "Will to Truth" in us? In fact we made a long halt at the question as to the origin of this Will - until at last we came to an absolute standstill before a yet more fundamental question. We inquired about the VALUE of this Will. Granted that we want the truth: WHY NOT RATHER untruth? And uncertainty? Even ignorance? The problem of the value of truth presented itself before us - or was it we who presented ourselves before the problem? Which of us is the Oedipus here? Which the Sphinx? It would seem to be a rendezvous of questions and notes of interrogation. And could it be believed that it at last seems to us as if the problem had never been propounded before, as if we were the first to discern it, get a sight of it, and RISK RAISING it? For there is risk in raising it, perhaps there is no greater risk. [via]
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He's one of the most debated writers of the 19th century: Nietzsche and his works have been by turns vilified, lauded, and subjected to numerous contradictory interpretations, and yet he remains a figure of profound import, and his works a necessary component of a well-rounded education. This 1885 book serves as both vital introduction to and valuable summation of Nietzsche's philosophy as a whole. Here, broken down into bite-size segments are the great thinker's outlook on philosophical bias, religion, morality, virtue, nationalism, free-spiritedness, scholarship, gender relations, and other weighty topics. German psychologist and philosopher FRIEDRICH WILHELM NIETZSCHE (1844-1900) was appointed special professor of classical philology at the University of Basel at the precocious age of 24, but soon found himself dissatisfied with academic life and created an alternative intellectual society for himself among friends including composer Richard Wagner, historian Jakob Burckhardt, and theologian Franz Overbeck. Among his philosophical works are Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Beyond Good and Evil, and Ecce Homo. ______________________________________ ALSO FROM COSIMO Nietzsche's The Use and Abuse of History, Thus Spake Zarathustra, and The Anti-Christ [via]
› Find signed collectible books: 'Beyond Good and Evil:Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future: Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future'
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› Find signed collectible books: 'The Critique of Judgement: The Critique of Aesthetic Judgement'
Contained in this volume is the first part of Immanuel Kant's "Critique of Judgement", which is subtitled "The Critique of Aesthetic Judgement" and in which Kant discusses aesthetics and how as humans we decide what is beautiful and how in turn we respond to that beauty. Immanuel Kant, considered by many to be one of the most important philosophers of all time gives us much to consider on the nature of beauty in this intriguing exposition on the subject. [via]
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In THE CRITIQUE OF JUDGMENT (1790), Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) seeks to establish the a priori principles underlying the faculty of judgement, just as he did in his previous critiques of pure and practical reason. The first part deals with the subject of our aesthetic sensibility; we respond to certain natural phenomena as beautiful, says Kant, when we recognise in nature a harmonious order that satisfies the mind's own need for order. The second half of the critique concentrates on the apparent teleology in nature's design of organisms. Kant argues that our minds are inclined to see purpose and order in nature and this is the main principle underlying all of our judgements. Although this might imply a super sensible Designer, Kant insists that we cannot prove a supernatural dimension or the existence of God. Such considerations are beyond reason and are solely the province of faith. [via]
› Find signed collectible books: 'Critique of Judgment: Including the First Introduction'
In THE CRITIQUE OF JUDGMENT (1790), Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) seeks to establish the a priori principles underlying the faculty of judgement, just as he did in his previous critiques of pure and practical reason. The first part deals with the subject of our aesthetic sensibility; we respond to certain natural phenomena as beautiful, says Kant, when we recognise in nature a harmonious order that satisfies the mind's own need for order. The second half of the critique concentrates on the apparent teleology in nature's design of organisms. Kant argues that our minds are inclined to see purpose and order in nature and this is the main principle underlying all of our judgements. Although this might imply a super sensible Designer, Kant insists that we cannot prove a supernatural dimension or the existence of God. Such considerations are beyond reason and are solely the province of faith. [via]
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› Find signed collectible books: 'Critique of Pure Reason'
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A long-awaited new translation of an epochal philosophical text by two distinguished scholars [via]
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Like Werner Pluhar's distinguished translation of "Critique of Judgment" (Hackett Publishing Co., 1987), this new rendering of "Critique of Pure Reason" reflects the elegant achievement of a master translator. This richly annotated volume offers translations of the complete texts of both the first and second editions, as well as Kant's own notes. Extensive editorial notes by Werner Pluhar and James Ellington supply explanatory and terminological comments, translations of Latin and other foreign expressions, variant readings, cross-references to other passages in the text and in other writings of Kant, and references to secondary works. An extensive bibliography, glossary, and detailed index are included. Patricia Kitcher's illuminating Introduction provides a roadmap to Kant's abstract and complex argumentation by firmly locating his view in the context of eighteenth-century - and current - attempts to understand the nature of the thinking mind and its ability to comprehend the physical universe. [via]
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› Find signed collectible books: 'Hegel's Lectures on the History of Philosophy'
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was not only a great philosopher but a great historian of philosophy. He invented the idea of the philosophical tradition as a discussion among philosophers extending over centuries centering on a few main philosophical problems. The conceptual scheme, widely accepted in histories of philosophy, emerged in Hegel's lectures at the same time as German idealism itself. This new abridgment of a well-known edition makes the main insights of Hegel's famous Lectures on the History of Philosophy widely available in an inexpensive edition.
In this student-oriented text, Professor Tom Rockmore selects the most significant material in a one-volume abridgment. A short introduction explains the purpose and principles of the selections and assesses the continued importance of the work. This is followed by selections that include parts of the introduction to the discussion of Greek philosophy, as well as the sections on Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle; the introduction to modern philosophy; and then the sections on Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, Kant, Fichte, Schelling, and the "Final Result." [via]
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› Find signed collectible books: 'Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason'
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› Find signed collectible books: 'Introduction to the Philosophy of History'
'An elegant and intelligent translation. The text provides a perfect solution to the problem of how to introduce students to Hegel in a survey course in the history of Western philosophy' - Graham Parkes, University of Hawaii. [via]
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› Find signed collectible books: 'Kant's Critique of Pure Reason: An Abridged Translation for College Students'
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› Find signed collectible books: 'Kritik Der Reinen Vernunft'
Die Erfolgsgeschichte der modernen Naturwissenschaften vor Augen, wollte Kant auch die Philosophie, insbesondere die Metaphysik auf den sicheren Weg einer Wissenschaft bringen. Das Ergebnis war jedoch die wohl wirkungsvollste und nachhaltigste Zerstörung metaphysischen Denkens in der neuzeitlichen Philosophie.
Kant sprach von einer Kopernikanischen Wende. Sie sollte dadurch herbeigeführt werden, dass die philosophische Erkenntnis sich von den Gegenständen selbst auf die Möglichkeit der Erkenntnis derselben zurückwendet. Kritik der reinen Vernunft bedeutet daher vor allem Selbstprüfung des menschlichen Erkenntnisvermögens hinsichtlich seiner Grenzen und Erkenntnismöglichkeiten. Kants für die moderne Philosophie grundlegende Einsicht war, dass erfahrungsunabhängige, also metaphysische Erkenntnis nur in der Einschränkung auf die formalen Bedingungen möglicher Erfahrung beweisbar und damit alle traditionelle Metaphysik nichts als Scheinwissenschaft ist.
Grundvoraussetzung für dieses Projekt ist die Rückführung aller gültigen Erkenntnis auf die im Subjekt angelegten Bedingungen. So wie Raum und Zeit keine Gegenstände, sondern reine, subjektive Anschauungsformen möglichen Gegebenseins von konkreten empirischen Erscheinungen sind, so sind auch die reinen Verstandesbegriffe bloß formale Bedingungen der Einheit möglicher Objekte. Wir erkennen nie die Dinge an sich selbst, sondern nur die Erscheinungen, das heißt die Gegenstände, wie sie uns durch die formalen Bedingungen unseres Erkenntnisvermögens gegeben sind.
Vor allem Kants idealistische Erben wollten sich mit dieser Einschränkung der Erkenntnis auf die Erscheinungswelt nicht zufrieden geben und gingen daher über Kants kritischen Idealismus hinaus. Statt dessen versucht man in der sprachphilosophisch geläuterten, modernen Erkenntnistheorie (Putnam, McDowell) wieder an Kants Kritizismus Anschluss zu finden. --Jens Kertscher [via]
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› Find signed collectible books: 'Mas Alla Del Bien Y Del Mal'
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› Find signed collectible books: 'Nietzsche'
The latest volume in the Oxford Readings in Philosophy series, this work brings together some of the best and most influential recent philosophical scholarship on Nietzsche. Opening with a substantial introduction by John Richardson, it covers: Nietzsche's views on truth and knowledge, his 'doctrines' of the eternal recurrence and will to power, his distinction between Apollinian and Dionysian art, his critique of morality, his conceptions of agency and self-creation, and his genealogical method. For each of these issues, the papers show Nietzsche's continuing philosophical importance. Giving a clear and accessible overview, while retaining an analytical philosophical approach throughout, this volume is essential reading for all students of Nietzsche. [via]
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› Find signed collectible books: 'Nietzsche: Thus Spoke Zarathustra A Book For All And None'
Nietzsche regarded 'Thus Spoke Zarathustra' as his most important work, and his story of the wandering Zarathustra has had enormous influence on subsequent culture. Nietzsche uses a mixture of homilies, parables, epigrams and dreams to introduce some of his most striking doctrines, including the Overman, nihilism, and the eternal return of the same. This edition offers a new translation by Adrian Del Caro which restores the original versification of Nietzsche's text and captures its poetic brilliance. Robert Pippin's introduction discusses many of the most important interpretative issues raised by the work, including who is Zarathustra and what kind of 'hero' is he and what is the philosophical significance of the work's literary form? The volume will appeal to all readers interested in one of the most original and inventive works of modern philosophy. [via]
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› Find signed collectible books: 'On the Genealogy of Morals/Ecce Homo'
The great philosopher's major work on ethics, along with ECCE HOMO, Nietzche's remarkable review of his life and works. Translated by Walter Kaufmann. [via]
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› Find signed collectible books: 'Phanomenologie Des Geistes'
Wissenschaft der Erfahrung des Bewußtseins, so lautete der ursprüngliche Titel von Hegels erstem, 1807 erschienenen Hauptwerk. Noch während der Buchbindearbeiten wurde er abgeändert in Wissenschaft von der Phänomenologie des Geistes, unter dem das Buch heute bekannt ist. Ähnlich verwickelt wie die Titelfrage und die Entstehungsgeschichte sind Struktur und Aufbau des Werkes, das, wie schon von Zeitgenossen beobachtet wurde, zwischen der Individualentwicklung des zu sich kommenden Bewusstseins und der kollektiven Bildungsgeschichte der Menschheit unproportioniert schwankt.
Wollte man den Inhalt bündig zusammenfassen, könnte man vielleicht sagen, dass die Phänomenologie des Geistes darstellen will, wie das absolute Wissen, nach Hegel die vollkommene Übereinstimmung von Wissen und Gewusstem, in verschiedenen Gestalten des Bewusstseins erscheint und an ihnen sich auswirkt. Dieser Weg des Erscheinens, gleichsam die Odyssee des menschlichen Geistes, hat ihr eigenes Bewegungsgesetz, für das Hegel das Zauberwort Dialektik geprägt hat. Jeder erscheinende bewusstseinsmäßige Ausgriff auf einen Gegenstand, in dem Wissen und Gegenstand zur Deckung gelangen sollen, erweist sich als unzureichend, so dass jede Gestalt über sich hinausweist auf eine höhere, neue Bewusstseinsstufe, der sich die Erkenntnis wiederum anzugleichen hat. Erst wenn der Geist sich nicht nur anschaut, sondern sich wissend durchschaut hat, ist das Werden der Wissenschaft in der Philosophie vollendet.
Für die Erforschung des menschlichen Selbstverständnisses in der historisch gewachsenen, modernen Wirklichkeit, ist die Phänomenologie des Geistes ein einzigartiges Dokument. Lehrstücke wie die Dialektik von Herrschaft und Knechtschaft wurden zu einem Schlüsseltext marxistischer Gesellschaftskritik und bilden noch heute einen Anknüpfungspunkt in sozialphilosophischen Debatten. --Jens Kertscher [via]
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› Find signed collectible books: 'The Phenomenology of Mind'
A sweeping investigation of how knowledge is obtained by means of absolute truth, including how the spirit reveals itself as absolute reality, The Phenomenology of Mind is an intellectual tour-de-force and represents a great philosophical works for the ages. Originally published in English in 1910, Hegel proffers his unique viewpoint that knowledge is not separated from, nor outside of, absolute reality - but that knowledge is itself reality, and posits that reality is mental and spiritual. Volume II includes: . [The Nature of] Free Concrete Mind: Spirit . Religion in General . Absolute Knowledge Also Available from Cosimo Classics: Hegel's The Phenomenology of Mind: Volume I German philosopher GEORG WILHELM FRIEDRICH HEGEL (1770-1831) was born in Stuttgart and studied at Tübingen, where his contemporaries included Schelling and the poet Hölderlin. As a philosophical disciple of Kant, Hegel was of the Idealist School of philosophers and remained an unparalleled influence on German philosophy throughout the 19th-century. Additional works by Hegel's include: The Objective Logic (1812-13), The Subjective Logic (1816), Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciencies in Outline (1817), and Philosophy of Right (1821). [via]
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› Find signed collectible books: 'Philosophy of History'
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (August 27, 1770 - November 14, 1831) was a German philosopher. He was born in Stuttgart, southwest Germany. One of his biggest achievements was to introduce the idea that History and the concrete are important in getting out of the circle of philosophia perennis, i.e., the perennial problems of philosophy. His influence has been widespread on writers of widely varying positions, including both his admirers (F. H. Bradley, Sartre, Hans Küng, Bruno Bauer, Karl Marx), and his detractors (Kierkegaard, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Schelling). [via]
› Find signed collectible books: 'The Philosophy of History'
Within the body of his work, Hegel's philosophy of history stands as a fascinating example of this influential German thinker's efforts to capture the multidimensional character of a broad theoretical framework. Hegel describes history as the evolution of freedom--as societies and cultures grow in awareness of, and appreciation for, the interaction of individuals with the rational goals and purposes of the greater whole. [via]
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› Find signed collectible books: 'Sein Und Zeit'
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› Find signed collectible books: 'Thus Spake Zarathustra'
He's one of the most debated thinkers of the 19th century: Nietzsche and his works have been by turns vilified, lauded, and subjected to numerous contradictory interpretations, and yet he remains a figure of profound import, and his works a necessary component of a well-rounded education. In this essential book, which Nietzsche himself called his "deepest," the philosopher uses ancient mythology and biblical parody to develop his concept of the "superman," the ultimate human triumph over conformity, religion, morality, even civilization itself. Later corrupted out of all recognition by Nazi philosophy, this extraordinary work is, in fact, the basis for 20th-century existentialism and one of the finest examples of modern literature in any language. German psychologist and philosopher FRIEDRICH WILHELM NIETZSCHE (1844-1900) was appointed special professor of classical philology at the University of Basel at the precocious age of 24, but soon found himself dissatisfied with academic life and created an alternative intellectual society for himself among friends including composer Richard Wagner, historian Jakob Burckhardt, and theologian Franz Overbeck. Among his philosophical works are Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Beyond Good and Evil, and Ecce Homo. [via]
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› Find signed collectible books: 'Thus Spake Zarathustra'
Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) has been proclaimed the seminal figure of modern philosophy as well as one of the most creative and critically influential geniuses in the history of secular thought. "Writing in blood" and "philosophizing with a hammer," Nietzsche scathingly criticized modern civilization's basic ideas, beliefs, and values, and boldly proclaimed that "God is dead," thereby fathering atheistic existentialism.
Thus Spake Zarathustra is Nietzsche's masterpiece. Rich in irony, poetry, and symbolism, this unique volume presents the German philosopher's major concepts: the master and slave moralities, a pervasive will to power, the heroic overman transcending good and evil, and an eternal recurrence of the same dynamic universe. [via]
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Classic work by the German philologist, philosopher and author. Hard to categorize, the work is a treatise on philosophy, a highly praised work of literature, and in parts a collection of poetry and in others a parody of and amendment to the Bible. Consisting largely of speeches by the book's tragic hero and prophet Zarathustra, the work's content extends across a vast range of styles and subject matter. Nietzsche himself described the work as "the deepest ever written". [via]
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Considered by many to be the most important philosopher of modern times, Friedrich Nietzsche influenced twentieth-century ideas and culture more than almost any other thinker. His best-known book, Thus Spoke Zarathustrapublished in four parts in the last two decades of the nineteenth centuryis also his masterpiece, and represents the fullest expression of his ideas up to that time.
A unique combination of biblical oratory and playfulness, Thus Spoke Zarathustra chronicles the wanderings and teachings of the prophet Zarathustra, who descends from his mountain retreat to awaken the world to its new salvation. Do not accept, he counsels, what almost two thousand years of history have taught you to call evil. The Greeks knew better: Goodness for them was nobility, pride, and victory, not the Christian virtues of humility, meekness, poverty, and altruism. The existence of the human race is justified only by the exceptional among usthe superman, whose self-mastery and strong will to power frees him from the common prejudices and assumptions of the day.
These and other concepts in Zarathustra were later perverted by Nazi propagandists, but Nietzsche, a despiser of mass movements both political and religious, did not ask his readers for faith and obedience, but rather for critical reflection, courage, and independence.
Kathleen M. Higgins and Robert C. Solomon are both professors of philosophy at the University Texas at Austin. Together, they have written What Nietzsche Really Said and A Short History of Philosophy and co-edited Reading Nietzsche.
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Nietzsche was one of the most revolutionary and subversive thinkers in Western philosophy, and Thus Spoke Zarathustra remains his most famous and influential work. It describes how the ancient Persian prophet Zarathustra descends from his solitude in the mountains to tell the world that God is dead and that the Superman, the human embodiment of divinity, is his successor. With blazing intensity and poetic brilliance, Nietzsche argues that the meaning of existence is not to be found in religiouspieties or meek submission, but in an all-powerful life force: passionate, chaotic & free. [via]
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› Find signed collectible books: 'Thus Spoke Zarathustra: A Book For Everyone And Nobody'
Nietzsche was one of the most revolutionary and subversive thinkers in Western philosophy, and "Thus Spoke Zarathustra" remains his most famous and influential work. It describes how the ancient Persian prophet Zarathustra descends from his solitude in the mountains to tell the world that God is dead and that the Superman, the human embodiment of divinity, is his successor. With blazing intensity and poetic brilliance, Nietzsche argues that the meaning of existence is not to be found in religious pieties or meek submission, but in an all-powerful life force: passionate, chaotic & free. [via]
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› Find signed collectible books: 'G.W.F. Hegel, Phanomenologie Des Geistes'
This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. [via]
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› Find signed collectible books: 'Jenseits Von Gut Und Bose'
gebundene Ausgabe [via]
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› Find signed collectible books: 'Kritik Der Reinen Vernunft'
Die Erfolgsgeschichte der modernen Naturwissenschaften vor Augen, wollte Kant auch die Philosophie, insbesondere die Metaphysik auf den sicheren Weg einer Wissenschaft bringen. Das Ergebnis war jedoch die wohl wirkungsvollste und nachhaltigste Zerstörung metaphysischen Denkens in der neuzeitlichen Philosophie.
Kant sprach von einer Kopernikanischen Wende. Sie sollte dadurch herbeigeführt werden, dass die philosophische Erkenntnis sich von den Gegenständen selbst auf die Möglichkeit der Erkenntnis derselben zurückwendet. Kritik der reinen Vernunft bedeutet daher vor allem Selbstprüfung des menschlichen Erkenntnisvermögens hinsichtlich seiner Grenzen und Erkenntnismöglichkeiten. Kants für die moderne Philosophie grundlegende Einsicht war, dass erfahrungsunabhängige, also metaphysische Erkenntnis nur in der Einschränkung auf die formalen Bedingungen möglicher Erfahrung beweisbar und damit alle traditionelle Metaphysik nichts als Scheinwissenschaft ist.
Grundvoraussetzung für dieses Projekt ist die Rückführung aller gültigen Erkenntnis auf die im Subjekt angelegten Bedingungen. So wie Raum und Zeit keine Gegenstände, sondern reine, subjektive Anschauungsformen möglichen Gegebenseins von konkreten empirischen Erscheinungen sind, so sind auch die reinen Verstandesbegriffe bloß formale Bedingungen der Einheit möglicher Objekte. Wir erkennen nie die Dinge an sich selbst, sondern nur die Erscheinungen, das heißt die Gegenstände, wie sie uns durch die formalen Bedingungen unseres Erkenntnisvermögens gegeben sind.
Vor allem Kants idealistische Erben wollten sich mit dieser Einschränkung der Erkenntnis auf die Erscheinungswelt nicht zufrieden geben und gingen daher über Kants kritischen Idealismus hinaus. Statt dessen versucht man in der sprachphilosophisch geläuterten, modernen Erkenntnistheorie (Putnam, McDowell) wieder an Kants Kritizismus Anschluss zu finden. --Jens Kertscher [via]
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› Find signed collectible books: 'Martin Heidegger, Sein Und Zeit'
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Wissenschaft der Erfahrung des Bewußtseins, so lautete der ursprüngliche Titel von Hegels erstem, 1807 erschienenen Hauptwerk. Noch während der Buchbindearbeiten wurde er abgeändert in Wissenschaft von der Phänomenologie des Geistes, unter dem das Buch heute bekannt ist. Ähnlich verwickelt wie die Titelfrage und die Entstehungsgeschichte sind Struktur und Aufbau des Werkes, das, wie schon von Zeitgenossen beobachtet wurde, zwischen der Individualentwicklung des zu sich kommenden Bewusstseins und der kollektiven Bildungsgeschichte der Menschheit unproportioniert schwankt.
Wollte man den Inhalt bündig zusammenfassen, könnte man vielleicht sagen, dass die Phänomenologie des Geistes darstellen will, wie das absolute Wissen, nach Hegel die vollkommene Übereinstimmung von Wissen und Gewusstem, in verschiedenen Gestalten des Bewusstseins erscheint und an ihnen sich auswirkt. Dieser Weg des Erscheinens, gleichsam die Odyssee des menschlichen Geistes, hat ihr eigenes Bewegungsgesetz, für das Hegel das Zauberwort Dialektik geprägt hat. Jeder erscheinende bewusstseinsmäßige Ausgriff auf einen Gegenstand, in dem Wissen und Gegenstand zur Deckung gelangen sollen, erweist sich als unzureichend, so dass jede Gestalt über sich hinausweist auf eine höhere, neue Bewusstseinsstufe, der sich die Erkenntnis wiederum anzugleichen hat. Erst wenn der Geist sich nicht nur anschaut, sondern sich wissend durchschaut hat, ist das Werden der Wissenschaft in der Philosophie vollendet.
Für die Erforschung des menschlichen Selbstverständnisses in der historisch gewachsenen, modernen Wirklichkeit, ist die Phänomenologie des Geistes ein einzigartiges Dokument. Lehrstücke wie die Dialektik von Herrschaft und Knechtschaft wurden zu einem Schlüsseltext marxistischer Gesellschaftskritik und bilden noch heute einen Anknüpfungspunkt in sozialphilosophischen Debatten. --Jens Kertscher [via]
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Es ist eine gute Weile her, daß ich Immanuel Kants Kritik der Urteilskraft (1790) gelesen habe. Beim neuerlichen Reinschauen aber erfaßt mich wieder der Wortstrudel der Kantschen Syntax und Begrifflichkeiten, der das Hirn nach nur wenigen Sätzen seiner linguistischen Funktionalität zu berauben scheint. Spätestens beim ersten Umblättern stellt sich jenes Aha-Gefühl ein, das einen sonst nur beim Anblick asiatischer Sprachsysteme befällt, beim Lesen eines deutschen Textes aber an den Rand des Wahnsinn bringen kann.
Wer nun gleich aufgibt, erspart sich zwar eine Menge Lesearbeit, beraubt sich zugleich aber einer ungemein spannenden Lektüreerfahrung. Kant begreifen heißt, sich auf seine Sprache einlassen. So nähert man sich fast zwangsläufig einer zentralen Idee dieser dritten großen kritischen Schrift. Denn, sagt Kant, das Wesen des Geschmacks liegt darin, daß er ohne das Interesse am Objekt des Urteils auskommt. Ästhetisches Urteilen ist interesseloses Wohlgefallen (oder Mißfallen), der Zweck bleibt außen vor. Will heißen: Die Bewertung der Qualität der "Kritik der Urteilskraft" steht vollkommen außerhalb der Frage, ob die Quälerei irgendetwas bringt. Schließlich lasse sich über das Erhabene und Schöne nicht streiten, "und sofern kann man nicht sagen: Ein jeder hat seinen besonderen Geschmack".
Das große Rätsel dieses Werks bleibt das Paradox zwischen allem Anfang Ästhetischen Empfindens im Subjektiven und einem "Gemeinsinn", der es einem erlaubt, das eigene Schönheitsempfinden mit anderen zu teilen. Und die Einsicht in dieses seltsame Verhältnis sorgt für die intellektuelle Lust, die einem diese Erkenntnis (und jede andere etwas komplizierte auch) vermitteln kann. Fragen Sie nicht, was es bringt. Lesen und urteilen Sie! --Harald Stucke [via]
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This Book Is In Spanish. [via]
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› Find signed collectible books: 'Asi Hablo Zaratustra / Thus Spoke Zarathustra'
This title published in Spanish only. [via]
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› Find signed collectible books: 'Friedrich Nietzsche: Asi Hablo Zaratustra , Mas Alla Del Bien Y El Mal, El Anticristo, El Ocaso De Los Idolos / Thus Spoke Zaratustra, Beyond Good and Evil, The Antichris'
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Pese a los elementos tematicos que comparte con Asi hablo Zaratustra mismos completamente distinto. Entre una y otra obra hay, fundamentalmente, un reajuste de la mirada: el paso del simbolo al concepto, de la poesia a la psicologia, de la confianza a la sospecha, de la lejania que permite dejar de lado los defectos a la optica microscopica que pone de relieve las miserias. [via]
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Nuestra epoca es la epoca de la critica, a la que todo tiene que someterse. La religion por su santidad y la legislacion por su majestad quieren generalmente sustraerse a ella. Pero entonces suscitan contra si sospechas justificadas y no pueden aspirar a un respeto sincero, que la razon solo concede a quien ha podido sostener libre y publico examen .Immanuel Kant [via]
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